2025 Plant Expo Plant Database

Text in red indicates invasive plant.

Latin_Name	Common_Name	Light_Requirements	Season_of_Bloom	Flower_Color	Mature_ Height	Mature_ Width	Other_(Plant_Sale_Tag)	Soil_Requirements	Pollinator (X)	Deer Resistant (X)	Native (X)	Invasive (X)
Acanthus spinosus	Bear's breeches	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Mid Summer	Purple Pink-Mauve	3 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Bold, striking herbaceous perennial; erect terminal racemes of white flowers with purple bracts; clump forming	Well-drained
Acer negundo	Boxelder Maple	Full Sun	Spring	Greenish yellow flowers	30ft-50ft	30ft-50ft	Deciduous; dioecious	Average, medium, tolerates clay soil	X		X
Acer palmatum	Japanese maple	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Spring	Red to Purple	10 ft-25 ft	10 ft-25 ft	Graceful, slow-growing small tree with striking fall color; flowers inconspicuous.	Moist, organically rich, well-drained				X
Acer rubrum	Red Maple	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Green	25 ft	25ft-30 ft	bright yellow fall color	Average soil; tolerates clay	X		X
Achillea filipendulina	Fern-leaf yarrow	Full Sun	Early Summer-Early Fall	Golden Yellow	2ft-4ft	1.5ft	Synonym: A. eupatorium; Clump -forming evergreen herbaceous perennial; Deadhead to promote additional bloom; Divide clumps in spring or fall every 3-4 years	Dry to medium, well-drained sandy loams
Achillea millefolium	Common Yarrow	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring-Fall	Yellowish-white	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Good garden plant as it can be used in dry and fresh arrangements	Dry to medium, well drained	X		X
Aconitum napellus	Monkshood; Wolf's-Bane; Helmet Flower	Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer - Early Fall	dark purple-blue	3ft-5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Very attractive flowers on showy spikes resemble monks' habits. May be slow to establish. Highly toxic if ingested might irritate skin	Rich, moist; not too soggy		X
Acorus calamus var.	var. Sweet Flag	Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring - Early Summer	green	2ft	2ft	Good as a water plant or in rain garden; naturalizes	Likes wet feet
Actaea racemosa	Black snakeroot, Bugbane, Black cohosh	Part Shade	Mid-Summer	White or cream, may be tinged with pink	4ft-7ft	2ft	Formerly known: Cimicifuga racemosa. Slender, bottlebrush-like flowers are followed by greenish-white, then brown star-shaped follicles	Moist, fertile, preferably humus-rich			X
Adenophora confusa	Common ladybells	Full Sun-Part Sun	Summer	Deep blue to dark lavender	2 ft-3 ft.	1 ft-2 ft.	Synonyms: A. farreri, A. stricta; Upright herbaceous perennial with bell shaped flowers on 3 -4 ft. stems; hardy to zone 7	Evenly moist, well-drained
Adenphora lilliifolia	Ladybells	Full Sun-Part Sun	Late Spring	Blue/purple	1.5 ft-2 ft	2 ft-2.5 ft.	Synonym: A. liliiflora; Upright herbaceous perennial; Avoid dividing or moving once planted	Moist, organically rich, well-drained
Adiantum pedatum	Northern maidenhair fern	Part Shade-Shade	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	1 ft-2.5 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Deciduous fern that spreads slowly by rhizomes	Average, moist, well-drained			X
Aegopodium podagraria	Bishop's weed, Goutweed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White	0.5 ft-1 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Ground cover that spreads by rhizomes; may be invasive if not contained	Well-drained soil		X		X
Aesculus parviflora	Bottlebrush buckeye	part to full shade	summer	white	8ft-10ft	8ft-10ft	Deciduous shrub; good fall foliage; attracts butterflies	Average, moist, well-drained		X
Agastache foeniculum	Blue giant hyssop, Anise hyssop	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Lavender to Purple	2 ft-4 ft	1.5 ft-3 ft	Synonyms: A. anethiodora, A. anisata; Upright, clump-forming herbaceous perennialwith flowers in terminal spikes; May spread by rhizomes and self seed	Average, well-drained	X	X	X
Agastache rugosa 'Golden Jubilee'	Golden Jubilee' hyssop, Purple giant hyssop	Full Sun-Part Sun	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Violet-pink	2 ft-3 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Upright, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial with aromatic leaves and flowers; 'Golden Jubilee' is a golden-leaved cultivar.	Average, well-drained		X
Ageratina altissima	White Snakeroot	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer- Early Fall	White	3 ft-5 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Prev. Eupatorium rugosum. Poisonous, if ingested. Showy, good in rain garden.Self sows prodigiously	Average, medium-wet well-drained	X	X	X
Ajania pacifica	Gold and silver chrysanthemum	Full Sun	Fall	Yellow	1 ft	3 ft	Synonym: Chrysanthemum pacificum, Dendrathema pacificum. Low mound-foming perennial or subshrub with short runners. Silky-white, silver-margined leaves.	Poor to moderately fertile, well-drained
Ajuga reptans	Carpet bugleweed, Common bugleweed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Late Summer	Blue	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Ground cover; Spreads by stolons (reptans means creeping); May be invasive; Avoid planting near flower beds or lawns where its spreading could pose problems; Black walnut tolerant	Average, well-drained		X
Ajuga reptans 'Binblasca' BLACK SCALLOP	Bugleweed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	violet	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft - 2ft	Ground cover; spreads by stolons; could be invasive; avoid planting near flower beds or lawns; black walnut tolerant	Moist, well-drained		X
Ajuga reptans 'Chocolate Chip'	Carpet bugleweed, Common bugleweed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Late Summer	Blue	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Ground cover; Spreads by stolons (reptans means creeping); May be invasive; Avoid planting near flower beds or lawns where its spreading could pose problems; Black walnut tolerant	Average, well-drained		X
Alchemilla mollis	Lady's Mantle	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Chartreusse	1ft-1.5ft	1.5ft-2.5ft	Herbaceous; clumping; can self-seed aggressively; drought resistant	Average, well-drained
Allium millenium	Ornamental Onion	Full Sun-Part Shade	July-August	rose-purple	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Low maintenance, good cutting flower	Average, well-drained	X	X
Allium tuberosum	Garlic chives, Chinese chives	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Creamy white	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-2ft	Clump-forming member of onion family; spreads by self-seeding; walnut tolerant; Grown extensively in China for culinary purposes	Average, well-drained		X
Allium x proliferum	Walking Onion	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Greenish	2ft	10 in	Ornamental AND edible	Average, well-drained
Aloe vera	Aloe	Sun	Summer	Rare, yellow or red when grown outddoors	Based on pot size	Based on pot size	House plant. Gel from leaves can aid minor burns, sunburn. Water when top 1 inch soil is dry. Do not stand in water	Well-drained. Thrives in poor, dry soil.
Amsonia hubrichtii	Blue Star; Hubricht's Amsonia	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Spring	Blue	2 ft -3 ft	2 ft -3 ft	Erect, clump forming herbaceous perenial grown for its golden fall color and spring blue flowers; contact with milky sap may irritate skin.	Average, well drained	X		X
Amsonia tabernaemontana	Blue Star	Full Sun - Part Shade	Late Spring	blue	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Herbaceous; turns yellow in fall	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Amsonia tabernaemontana v.salicifolia	Willow-leaf Bluestar	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	pale blue with white throat	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Some drought tolerance; yellow fall foliage	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X	X	X
Amsonia x 'Blue Ice'	Blue Ice Bluestar	full sun	mid-spring	violet blue	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-2ft	Compact form; long bloom season (4-6 wks); darker flower than native species, short rhizomes; yellow autumn foliages	Average to moist	X	X	X
Anemone canadensis	Canada anemone, meadow anemone, roundleaf anemone	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Spring-Early Summer	White	1 ft-2 ft	2 ft-2.5 ft	Herbaceous perennial of the buttercup family; upward-facing, white flowers (to 2” diameter) atop erect stems (to 2’ tall) from a clump of deeply-dissected basal leaves; naturalizes easily; also spreads by rhizomes	Prefers well-drained, moist,humusy conditions			X
Anemone hupehensis	Chinese anemone, Japanese anemone	Full Sun-Part Sun	Late Summer-Mid Fall	Pink	1.5 ft-2.5 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Herbaceous perennial of the buttercup family; single showy cup-shaped flowers (2-3” diameter) atop long wiry-but-graceful stems which rise from from a clump of dark green basal leaves; slow to establish; naturalizes once established; may not survive wet overwintering conditions	Prefers well-drained, moist,humusy conditions
Anemone tomentosa	Windflower, Japanese anemone	Full Sun-Part Sun	Late Summer-Mid Fall	Pink with rose shadings	2 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Mostly basal foliage typically grows in a spreading mound to 2' tall with wiry-but-graceful flower stems rising above the foliage in late summer to 3-4' tall.	Prefers well-drained, moist,humusy conditions	X
Anemone virginiana	Thimbleweed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	small white	2 ft	1 ft	One inch diam flowers with thimble-shaped seed heads	Average, dry-medium well-drained	X	X	X
Antennaria neglecta	Field pussytoes	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring	White	1ft	1ft	Similar to Antennaria plantaginifolia except it is smaller and has narrower single-ribbed basal leaves	Average, dry to rocky, well-drained	X	X	X
Antennaria plantaginifolia	Pussytoes	Full Sun	Early Spring	white	1 ft	1 ft	Does not do well in fertile soil; ground cover; soft gray foliage	Dry to medium; gritty to rocky; well drained	X	X	X
Aquilegia vulgaris	Columbine, European crowfoot, Granny's bonnet	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Spring	Blue, violet, white, pink, or red	1.5 ft-3 ft	1 ft-2 ft	Clump-forming herbaceous perennial with spring bloom of flowers with spreading sepals and short-hooked spurs; cultivars of this plant vary, with single or double flowers and a variety of colors; may self-seed but plants may not come true because different varieties may cross-pollinate	Average, medium, well-drained
Argyranthemum frutescens	Marguerite daisy, Paris daisy	Full Sun	Late Spring-Late Fall	Pink, yellow, or white	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	A somewhat short-lived, tender perennial or subshrub that produces daisy-like flowers (2.5” diameter) with yellow center disks; blooms throughout the summer; deadhead spent flowers to encourage additional bloom	Average, medium, well-drained
Arisaema triphyllum	Jack In the pulpit, Indian Jack In the pulpit	Part Shade-Shade	Mid Spring-Late Spring	Green to Purple	1 ft-2 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	A spring woodland perennial with one or two large leaves, divided into three leaflets, that rise on their own stems and a blossom atop a separate erect stalk; the blossom is a large, cylindrical, hooded flower, green in color with brown stripes; over time plant spread by rhizomes and forms colonies; most plants become dormant and vanish by mid-summer; tolerant of heavy shade and black walnut	Fertile, medium to wet		X	X
Aristolochia macrophylla	Dutchman's Pipe	Full Sun	Late Spring-Early Summer	Brown	15ft-30ft	15ft-20ft	Fast growing vine with heart-shaped leaves; tubular pipe shaped flowers; host for Pipevine swallowtail butterfly	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Armoracia rusticana	Horseradish	full sun-part shade	May-June	white	2 ft	2 ft	Vigorous, spreading plant. Plant root cuttings in spring, harvest in late fall. Rich soil will produce most pungent roots	Average, well-drained soil	X
Arum italicum	Italian arum	full sun-part shade	late summer	orange	1ft	1.5 ft	Stemless woodland species; develops bright orange berries in summer; all parts of the plant are toxic	Average, well-drained		X
Aruncus dioicus	Goat's beard	Full Sun-Part Sun	Mid-Late Spring	Creamy white	4 ft-6 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Synonyms: A. sylvester, Spiraea aruncus; An erect, bushy herbaceous perennial with showy, plume-like spikes of tiny, cream colored flowers; dioecious (separate male and female plants); male flowers are showier than female flowers; can be slow to establish	Fertile, medium to wet	X		X
Asarum canadense	Canadian wild ginger, Wild ginger	Part Shade-Shade	Mid-Late Spring	Purplish brown (inconspicuous)	0.5-1 ft.	1 ft1.5 ft.	Synonyms: Asarum acuminatum, Asarum reflexum, Asarum rubrocinctum; Ground cover for shady areas; grown for its foliage (two heart-shaped basal leaves); wet soil tolerant; spreads slowly by rhizomes	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X	X	X
Asarum europaeum	European ginger	part to full shade	mid-late spring	purplish brown (inconspicuous)	.5-1ft	1-1.5ft	Ground cover for shady areas; grown for its foliage (two heart-shaped basal leaves); wet soil tolerant; spreads slowly by rhizomes	Average, medium to wet, well-drained		X
Asarum splendens	Chinese wild ginger, Showy Sichuan ginger	Part Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	Dark purple to brown	0.5 ft-0.75 ft	0.75 ft-1 ft	Semi-evergreen ground cover; dark green heart-shaped glossy leaves with silvery white variegation; spreads relatively quickly by rhizomes compared to other species of Asarum	Average, medium to wet, well-drained
Asimina triloba	Paw Paw	full sun-part shade	spring	maroon	15ft-20ft	15ft-20ft	Fruits best in full sun; Keep in shade until planting; flowers pollinated by flies	Average, medium-wet, well-drained		X	X
Aster tataricus	Tatarian Aster	full sun	September	violet blue w/yellow center	3ft-6ft	2ft-3 ft	Divide every 3-4 years to control growth; Attractive to butterflies	Average, well-drained soil	X
Aster Tataricus 'Jindai'	JindaiTatarian Aster	Full Sun	Fall	violet blue w/yellow center	3ft-6ft	2ft-3ft	Divide every 3-4 years to control growth; Attractive to butterflies; Plant 3 ft apart; Best in back of border	Average, well-drained soil	X
Astilbe 'Bridal Veil'	Astilbe	Part Shade-Full Shade	Early summer	white	2ft	1.5ft-2ft	Airy white plumes over deep green foliage; combines well with hostas, brunnera. Low care	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X
Astilbe chinensis sp.	Chinese Astilbe	part-full shade	mid-late summer	white to pink	1ft-1.5ft	1.5ft-2ft	Tall; clumping; graceful fern like with plume-like panicles of tiny flowers; rhizomatous; tolerates black walnut	Moist, humusy, well-drained
Astilbe chinensis var. davidii	Chinese Astilbe	Part shade to shade	mid-late summer	Purplish pink	4 ft-6 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Tall; clumping; graceful fern like with plume-like panicles of tiny flowers; rhizomatous; tolerates black walnut	Moist, humusy soil; well drained
Astilbe chinensis var. pumila	Chinese astilbe	Part Shade-Shade	Early-Mid Summer	Mauve pink	.75ft-1ft	.75 ft-1ft	Dwarf perennial; graceful, fern-like mounds of basal leaves; plume-like panicles of tiny flowers rise above the foliage on slender, upright stems; spreads slowly by rhizomesattractive throughout the growing season; tolerates black walnut	Average, medium, well-drained
Astilbe chinensis 'Visions in Red'	Chinese Astilbe	part to full shade	May	pink	1 ft-1.5ft	1 ft-1.5ft	Tolerates black walnut. Showy blooms; divide every 3/4 years; do not allow soil to dry out	Average, moist well-drained	X	X
Astilbe chinensis 'Visions in White'	Chinese Astilbe	part to full shade	May	white	1 ft-1.5ft	1 ft-1.5ft	Tolerates black walnut. Showy blooms; divide every 3/4 years; do not allow soil to dry out	Average, moist well-drained	X	X
Astilbe 'Rheinland'	Astilbe	part - full shade	late spring-early summer	clear pink	1.5 ft-2ft	1.5 ft-2ft	Dark green, fern-like leaves; plume-like flowers; tolerates black walnut	Moist, humusy, well-drained
Astilbe x rosea 'Peach Blossom'	Astilbe	Part Shade-Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Pale peach-pink	1.5 ft-2 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft.	Clump-forming perennial; ‘Peach Blossom’ is a hybrid grown for its striking plume-like panicles of tiny flowers that rise above foliage on slender, upright stems; spreads slowly by rhizomes; tolerates black walnut	Moist, humusy, well-drained
Athyrium filix-femina	Lady fern	Part Shade-Shade	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	1 ft-3 ft	1 ft-2.5 ft	Deciduous fern with lacy-cut, ascending, light green fronds which grow in a dense circular shuttlecock-like clump; a small but easy-to-grow fern	Rich, medium, well-drained			X
Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'	Japanese painted fern	Part Shade-Full Shade	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	.75ft-1ft	Indefinite (spreading)	Synonym: A. goeringianum. Deciduous fern, spreads by creeping red-brown rhizomes, Silvery gray-green or mid-green fronds with red-purple midribs. Excellent, tough groundcover.	Rich, moist, does not tolerate dry soil		X
Aucuba japonica	Spotted Laurel	Part Shade-Full Shade	Spring	Reddish-purple	6ft-10ft	5 ft-9 ft	Broad leaf evergreen; leaves speckled with cream; can be pruned hard. Plants are dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants).	Moist, organically rich, well-drained
Baptisia australis	Plains false indigo, Wild indigo	Full Sun	Early Summer	Dark blue, often flecked with white-cream	5 ft	2 ft	Flowers followed by black seed pods; good cut flower	Prefers sandy, dry soils	X	X	X
Baptisia sphaerocarpa	Yellow wild indigo	full sun	late spring-early summer	yellow	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	A legume with a tap root. Protect root when transplanting	Average, dry-medium well-drained	X		X
Belamcanda chinensis (see Iris domestica)	Blackberry Lily											X
Bergenia cordifolia	Bergenia, heart-leaved bergenia, pig squeak	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Winter-Early Spring	Pale rose-red to dark pink on red stems	2ft	2.5ft	Ground cover for shady gardens; foliage turns purple bronze in winter	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained;tolerates dry soil
Betula populifolia	Grey birch	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Yellow-brown male and female catkins	30 ft	10 ft	Narrowly conical, sometimes multi-stemmed tree. Fast growing, usually short-lived. Grey-white bark does not peel. Yellow-green leaves. Good fall color.	Fertile, humus rich; moist and well-drained			X
Boltonia asteroides	False aster	full sun	late summer	pinkish white ray flowers	4ft-6ft	1ft	Clump forming; leaves decurrent; could cut off 1/3 in late spring/early summer to keep shorter	Average, dry-wet, well-drained	X	X	X
Boltonia decurrens	False Aster	full sun	Aug-Sept	pale pink to white	4-6 ft	2-4 ft	Showy, good in rain garden	Medium to wet	X
Brugmansia sp.	Angels' trumpets	Full Sun	Late Spring-Fall	Yellow, pink or pale orange	6 ft-12 ft	3 ft-5 ft	Tender perennial. All parts of plant are highly toxic.	Fertile, moist, well- drained		X
Brunnera macrophylla	Siberian bugloss	Part Shade-Full Shade	Mid Spring-Late Spring	Bright blue	1.5ft	2ft	Synonym: Achusa myosotidiflora. Softly hairy, mid-to-deep green leaves. Spreads by rhizomes.	Fertile, moist, well-drained		X
Buxus sempervirens	American Boxwood	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	Greenish cream	5ft-10ft	5ft-10ft	Evergreen; can be used as a hedge; low maintenance; drought tolerance	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Calamintha nepeta	Lesser calamint	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Mauve, occasionally pink	1.5ft	2ft-2.5ft	Aromatic, slow-growing, erect perennial. Flowers are attractive to bees.	Moist, well-drained	X
Callicarpa americana	Beautyberry, French mulberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Lavender-pink	6 ft	4 ft	Loose, open deciduous shrub with violet fruit.	Fertile, well-drained			X
Callicarpa dichotoma	Beautyberry; Early Amethyst Beautyberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	early-mid summer	bluish purple	3ft-4 ft	4ft-5 ft	Deciduous shrub; Best fruiting/flowering in full sun; flowers on new wood; prune as needed in spring	Average, well-drained	X
Calycanthus floridus	Carolina allspice, Sweetshrub, Strawberry shrub	Full Sun-Part Shade (in warmer end of cllimate range)	Late Spring-Early Summer	Dark red, fading to brown at tips	8 ft	10 ft	Bushy, spreading shrub with unusual, fragrant flowers. Foliage has a clove- or camplhor-like scent when crushed.	Fertile moist, humus-rich			X
Campanula	Pink Octopus Bellflower	full sun-part shade	early-mid summer	pink	1ft-1.5ft	1.5ft	semi-evergreen; easy to grow; cut back to encourage second bloom	Prefers chalk, loam		X
Campanula punctata	Spotted Bellflower; Canterbury Bells	full sun-part shade	late spring-mid summer	blue	1 ft-2 ft	1.5 ft-2.5 ft	Rhizomatous, self seeds	Average, well-drained
Campanula rotundifolia	Bluebell, Harebell	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Dark blue-to-white	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-1ft	syn. Azorina. Variable perennial with underground runners with basal and stem leaves. May be naturalized in short grass. Robust rock-garden species.	Moist, well-drained		X	X
Canna indica	Canna lily	Full Sun	Summer	Red, orange, pink, yellow, cream, bicolors	1.5 ft-8 ft	1.5 ft-6.0 ft	Plant rhizomes 4-6” deep and 18-24” apart in spring after frost. Remove entire flowering stems after bloom. Cut plants to the ground after first frost and lift rhizome clumps for storage in a dry medium (peat or vermiculite) in a cool dry location, not below 40°F.	Moist, organically rich, well-drained	X
Carex morrowii 'Fisher's Form'	Fisher Sedge	full sun - part shade	late spring	green and brown spikes	1.5ft	1ft	clump forming evergreen with broad, stiff, cream-striped and margined leaves	Average,moist,well-drained
Carex morrowii 'Ice Dance'	Ice Dance Sedge Grass	part to full shade	late spring-mid summer	green and brown spikes	1.5ft-2ft	1ft-2 ft	Clump forming, dense, evergreen with broad, stiff, shiny dark green leaves with cream-white margins. Great in rain garden or woodland area. Cut foliage to the ground in late winter	Moist, organically rich, well-drained
Carex oshimensis 'Evergold'	Evergold Sedge	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Spring-Late Spring	Brown flower spikes	1ft	1ft-1.5ft	syn. C. hachijoensis. Tufted, evergreen perennial with short rhiomes forming low mound of dard green leaves each with broad, creamy yellow central stripe	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Carpinus caroliniana	American Hornbeam; Musclewood; Ironwood; Blue Beech	full sun - part shade	Spring	Greenish	40 ft-60ft	30 ft-40ft	Striking smooth bark. Understory mid-size tree	Average, tolerates clay			X
Caryopteris clanondensis	Bluebeard	full sun to part shade	late summer early fall	violet blue	3ft	5ft	Attractive aromatic flowers and foliage; silvery-gray leaves	Moderately fertile, well- drained
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Longwood Blue'	Bluebeard	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer- Early Fall	Violet blue	3ft	5ft	Attractive and aromatic flowers and foliage. Silvery-grey leaves.	Moderately fertile, light, well-drained.
Celtis occidentalis	Hackberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	Green	40ft-60ft	40ft-60ft	Host for Hackberry Emperor butterfly; grows in wide range of soils;	Average, moist, rich, well-drained			X
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides	Plumbago	Full Sun	Late Summer	Blue	3 ft	5 ft	syn. Plumbago larpentiae. Rhizomatous, spreading, woody-based perennial with upright, slender red stems with waxy, wavy margins. Red-tinted- foliage in auumn. Stuitable as groundcover and for rock gardens.	Moderately fertile, light, moist but well-drained soil
Cercidiphyllum japonicum	Katsura tree	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Green-reddish green foliage	30ft-60ft	25ft-60ft	Attractive foliage; best sited away from strong winds; dioecious	Rich, moist, well-drained		X
Cercis canadensis	Eastern redbud	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Purple-to-pink born on bare stems, before leaves appear.	30 ft	30 ft	Spreading, often multi-stemmed understory tree bearing bright pea-like flowers in clusters that ripen to dark, flattened pods. Good speciman plant.	Fertile deep,moist,well-drained. Prefers loam.			X
Chaenomeles speciosa	Flowering Quince	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Red/Pink-to-White	6 ft-10 ft	6 ft-10 ft	Deciduous shrub w/dense branching; easy to grow;flowers on prior year's stems;can force blooms indoors	Medium to dry; adaptable	X	X
Chasmanthium latifolium	Northern Sea Oats	full sun-part shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Green	2 ft-5 ft	1 ft-2.5 ft	Loosely tufted, spreading grass; good for dried arrangements	Fertile, moist, well-drained	X		X
Chelidonium majus	Greater celandine	Full Sun-Shade	Summer	Yellow	2 ft	.75 ft	Will natualize, may become invasive. Self-seeds profusely. Contact with sap may cause blisters.	Tolerates wide range of soils
Chelone lyonii	Turtlehead	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Mid Fall	Purple-pink	4 ft	2 ft	Stong grower with weather-resistant flowers. Best in open areas.	Deep, fertile, moist-wet; Tolerates clay soil	X		X
Chelone lyonii 'Hot Lips'	Turtlehead	full sun-part shade	Late Summer-Mid Fall	Purple-pink	4 ft	2 ft	Strong grower with weather-resistant flowers; best in open areas	Fertile, moist, well-drained	X		X
Chrysanthemum 'Hillside Sheffield'	Decorative garden mum	Full Sun	Fall	Apricot pink with yellow center	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Blooms October through frost	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Chrysanthemum x morifolium 'Rustic Glow'	Chrysanthemum; Garden Mum; Hardy Mum	Full Sun	Mid to late fall	bronze gold	2 ft	2-3 ft	Pinch stems back to control growth up until July 4. Divide every 2-3 years; Fragrant foliage; good as cut flower; Tolerates black walnut	Average, well-drained	X	X
Chrysogonum virginianum	Goldenstar	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring-Summer	Yellow	.75ft	2 ft	Creeping perennial groundcover. Evergreen in mild winters	Moist, well-drained, humus-rich			X
Clematis	Clematis, Atragene	full sun	summer	unknown	up to 30 ft	climbs	Many varieties; abundant flowers	Fertile, medium, well-drained
Clematis hexapetala	Mongolian snowflakes; 6-petaled bush clematis	full sun	early to late summer	white/cream	1.5 ft	2ft-3ft	Tolerates heat, humidity, dry conditions once established	Clay, loam, sandy	X
Clematis viorna	Leatherflower vasevine	part shade	summer	lavender-purple	8-12 ft	1 ft	Perennial vine; urn-shaped flowers	Moist, well-drained, neutral pH	X		X
Clematis virginiana	Virgin's Bower	part sun-part shade	July-August	white	6 ft-20ft	vine	Vigorous grower	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X		X
Clethra alnifolia	Summersweet, Sweet pepperbush, White alder	Part Shade	Late Sumer-Early Fall	White	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Attracts hummingbirds; fragrant, good fall color	Acidic, fertile, humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X		X
Clethra alnifolia 'Hummingbird'	Summersweet, Sweet pepperbush, White alder	Part Shade	Late Sumer-Early Fall	White	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Attracts hummingbirds; fragrant, good fall color	Acidic, fertile, humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X		X
Colocasia esculenta	Elephant ears	full sun-part shade	rarely flowers	Yellowish-white	3 ft-6 ft	3 ft-6 ft	Tuberous; stemless; frost-tender; huge heart shaped leaves	Humus-rich, medium to wet
Comptonia peregrina	Sweet fern	full sun to part shade	spring	yellowish green	2ft-4ft	4ft	Deciduous shrub; fragrant leaf	Average, medium, well-drained		X	X
Conoclinium coelestinum	Mistflower	full sun- part shade	late summer-early fall	blue	1.5ft-3ft	1.5ft-3ft	Spreads vigorously by rhizomes and self seeding	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X	X	X
Convallaria majalis	Lily of the Valley	part to full shade	spring	white	.5ft-.75ft	spreads	Keep moist during growing season. Used as ground cover; makes dense carpet in shady areas; plant 6-8" apart; rhizomatous	Fertile, humus-rich, moist		X
Convallaria majalis 'Striata'	Lily of the Valley - striped	full sun-part shade	Mid Spring	White	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Fragrant; aggressive spreader	Fertile, humus-rich, moist		X
Coreopsis lanceolata	Tickseed	full sun - part shade	Late spring - early summer	Yellow	2ft	1.5ft	Deadhead to prolong	Dry to medium, well-drained	X
Coreopsis tripteris	Tall tickseed, Atlantic coreopsis	Full Sun	Summer-Fall	Yellow	4 ft-8 ft	2ft	Native/attracts butterflies	Dry to medium, well-drained	X		X
Cornus alternifolia	Pagoda dogwood	full sun-part shade	late spring-early summer	creamy white	15ft-25ft	20ft-30ft	Deciduous shrub or small tree	Acidic, rich, moist, well-drained	X		X
Cornus sericea 'Flaviramea'	Yellow Twig Dogwood variegated	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	White	5 ft-6 ft	5 ft-6 ft	Flaviramea' is a yellowtwig dogwood cultivar. The outstanding ornamental feature of this plant is its bright yellow winter stems.	Rich, fertile, consistently moist	X
Cotinus coggygria	Smoke bush	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Yellow or pink	10 ft-15 ft	10 ft-15 ft	Good fall color-yellow to orange, red; billowy hairs follow flowers to produce pink to purple smoke-like puffs	Average, medium, well-drained
Cotoneaster acutifolius	Cotoneaster; Peking cotoneaster	full sun - part shade	late spring	white	6ft-10ft	6ft-10ft	Deciduous shrub	Average, moist, well-drained
Crinitaria tatarica	Tatarian Aster	Full Sun	September	Violet-blue with yellow center	3 ft-6 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Divide every 3-4 years if needed to control growth. Attractive to butterflies.	Average, medium, well-drained	X
Crocosmia sp	Crocosmia, montbretia	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Red	2 ft-4 ft	1 ft-2 ft	Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; divide in early spring to maintain vigor	Fertile, humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X
Dahlia sp.	Dahlia	Full Sun	Summer-Fall	Red, pink, lavender, purple, orange, yellow and white	1 ft-6 ft	1 ft-3 ft	Attracts butterflies; frost blackens foliage; tubers must then be lifted for the winter;. many cultivars	Humus-rich, well drained	X
Delosperma nubigenum	Hardy yellow ice plant	Full Sun	Spring-Summer	Yellow	.25ft	spreading	A succulent mat-forming, creeping perennial. An outstanding ground cover and rock garden plant.	Dry, average, sandy well-drained
Dianthus plumarius 'Itsaul White'	Pink	full sun	summer	white	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-1ft	Fragrant; good in rock gardens or containers	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Dicentra eximia	Fringed bleeding heart	part shade	spring-summer	pink	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Fern-like foliage; self-seeds	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Dicentra spectabilis (See Lamprocapnos spectabilis)	Bleeding heart
Dicentra spectabilis 'Alba' (See Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Alba')	Bleeding heart
Dictamnus albus	Gas plant	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	White or pinkish white	2ft-3ft	1.5ft-2.5ft	Long-lived perennial, sporting many showy flowers on tall spikes. Easy Care. Thrives for generations. Slow to establish, with zero tolerance for transplanting once established.	Well-drained, moderately rich
Digitalis purpurea	Foxglove	full sun-part shade	late spring-early summer	purple, pink or white	3 ft-4 ft	2 ft	Biennial or short-lived perennial	Well-drained; tolerates wet or dry		X
Dionaea muscipula	Venus Flytrap	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	white	1in-3in	clump	Rhizomatous; Best grown outdoors; need winter dormancy, keep in unheated garage; sit in a tray/saucer of distilled or rain water 1-2" deep; no fertilizer; potting medium 1:1 peat-moss: horticultural sand or peat moss: perlite	Wet medium		X	X
Disporum	Fairy Bells	Part Shade	Late Spring	White to Yellow Green	.5ft	spreads	Good in woodland garden	Cool, moist, well-drained
Dryopteris marginalis	Leatherwood fern; marginal fern	part to full shade	n/a	n/a	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-2ft	Clump forming evergreen fern. Sori located near the margin on the underside of pinnules	Average, medium to wet, well-drained		X
Echinacea purpurea	Purple coneflower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Purplish pink	2 ft-5 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Attracts butterflies; tolerates clay, hot dry sites and acidic soils; Long blooming-4 weeks or more	Average, dry-medium well-drained	X		X
Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'	Coneflower	Full Sun	Summer	White	3 ft	1.5 ft	Attracts butterflies	Moderately fertile, well-drained	X
Echinops ritro	Globe Thistle	Full Sun	Mid-Late Summer	Blue	3 - 3.5 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Deer resistant; attracts butterflies; great for dried flowers; tough plant; don't over fertilize; cut down to ground after flowering for rebloom	Poor, well-drained	X	X
Echinops ritro ‘Veitch’s Blue’	Small globe thistle	Full Sun	Mid-Late Summer	Blue	3 ft-3.5 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Deer resistant; butterflies.great for dried flowers; tough plant; don’t over fertilize; cut down to ground after flowering for rebloom.	Well-drained, variety of soils including infertile	X	X
Epimedium pinnatum	Barrenwort	part shade	late spring-early summer	yellow	1ft	1ft	Slow spreading; evergreen; rhizomatous	Moist, well-drained
Epimedium x rubrum	Red barrenwort, bishop's hat	Part Shade-Full Shade	Spring	Red	.5ft-1ft.	1ft-1.5ft	Groundcover. Drought resistant once established. Deer resistant.	Average, medium, humus-rich, well-drained		X
Epimedium x versicolor 'Sulphureum'	Epimedium; Bishop's Hat	part to full shade	April	creamy white	0.75 ft	1 ft	Good ground cover; rhizomatous; cut back foliage in winter	Average, well-drained		X
Epimedium x warleyense 'Orange Queen'	Orange Queen barrenwort	Part Shade-Full Shade	Spring	Orange	1ft-1.5ft	.75ft-1ft	Groundcover. Drought resistant once established. Deer resistant.	Average, medium, humus-rich, well-drained		X
Epiphyllum oxypetalum	Night-blooming cereus	Dappled Shade Summer/Sunny Wndow Winter	Late Summer-Early Fall	White	6 ft	6 ft	Tropical plant; flower opens at night and lasts one night; fragrant.Take in in fall; water thoroughly and let dry between watering.	Potting mix
Eranthis hyemalis	Winter aconite	full sun - part shade	spring	yellow	6 in.	.5ft	Bulb; best in open woodland or border fronts	Rich, medium, well-drained		X
Erigeron philadelphicus	Philadelphia daisy; Common fleabane	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	pink/white	2ft-2.5ft	2ft-1.5ft	Herbaceous, aster-like biennial	Average, dry to medium, well drained	X		X
Eryngium yuccifolium	Rattlesnake master	Full Sun	Summer	Greenish-white	4 ft-5 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Use in perennial borders, open woodland, naturalized areas, and pollinator gardens.	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Euonymous alatus	Burning bush; Winged euonymous	full sun-part shade	red color in fall	yellow-green	15 ft-20 ft	15 ft-20 ft	Invasive in some states; Dense, bushy, deciduous shrub; leaves brilliant red in fall	prefers moist soil				X
Euonymous kiautschovicus 'Manhattan'	Manhattan Euonymus	full sun- part shade	Summer	White	6 ft	5 ft	Evergreen shrub; low maintenance	Average, medium, well-drained	X
Eupatorium rugosum (See Ageratina altissima)	White snakeroot
Euphorbia amygdaloides sp. robbiae	Wood Spurge, Mrs. Robb's Bonnet	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Yellow	1.5 ft-2 ft	0.75 ft-1.5 ft	Sap/juice (milky latex) causes skin irritation; poisonous if ingested.	Dry to medium, well-drained		X
Eurybia divaricata	White wood aster	Part Shade-Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	White with yellow to red centers	1 ft-2.5 ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Synonym: Aster divaricata; Herbaceous woodland perennial; grows in loose clumps with dark, sprawling, sometimes zigzag stems; small but abundant flowers	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X		X
Euthamia graminifolia	Grass-leaved goldenrod	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	yellow	2ft-4ft	2ft-4ft	Rhizomatous; vigorous grower	Average, moist-wet, well-drained	X		X
Eutrochium fistulosum	Joe Pye Weed	full sun-part shade	mid summer-early fall	dusky rose	4 ft-7 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Good cut and dried flower; fall color foliage; may need staking if not in full sun	Medium to wet	X	X	X
Filipendula rubra	Queen-of-the-Prairie	full sun-part shade	summer	deep pink	4 ft-8 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Native to Northeast/Central US; Award of Garden Merit by RHS	Average, medium to wet, well-drained			X
Foeniculum vulgare	Fennel	full sun	mid-late summer	yellow	4 ft-6 ft	1.5 ft-3ft	Grown for its anise flavored foliage and seeds; larval plant for certain swallowtails	Moist, rich, well-drained	X
Forsythia suspensa	Weeping forsythia	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Yellow	10 ft	10 ft	Upright, arching and deciduous. Good for hedges. Prune after spring bloom	Average, well-drained
Fothergilla major	Witch-alder; Fothergilla	full sun- part shade	spring	White	6ft-10ft	5ft	Showy fall foliage; bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny white flowers; fragrant	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Fragaria	Strawberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	White	10 in-14 in	1ft-1.5ft		Fertile, moist, well-drained
Fragaria virginiana	Wild Strawberries	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring-Fall	white	.25ft	spreading	Groundcover; small sweet berries if lucky	Average, dry, well-drained	X		X
Fritillaria meleagris	Snake's head fritillary	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Pink-purple	.75ft-1ft	.5ft-.75ft	Needs consistent moisture during growing season.	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained
Gaillardia x grandiflora	Blanket flower	Full Sun	Early Summer-Early Fall	Orange/Gold, burgundy	2ft-3ft	1ft-1.5ft	Plants that attract butterflies; tolerates a hot dry site; tolerates sandy soil	Prefers fertile well-drained	X
Galanthus	Snowdrop	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring	White	.5ft-.75ft	less than 1ft	Naturalizes both by self-seeding and bulb offsets	Moist, humus-rich		X
Galium odoratum	Sweet woodruff	Part Shade-Full Shade	Spring	White	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Flowers are fragrant; Good ground cover; attracts bees.	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X	X
Gaura lindheimeri (See Oenothera lindheimeri)	White Gaura
Geranium macrorrhizum	Bigroot geranium; Scented cranesbill	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Spring-Mid Summer	purple pink	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-2ft	Good ground cover; spreads by rhizomes	Average, well-drained
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Bevan's Variety'	Bigroot Gerarium 'Bevan's Variety'	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Spring-Mid Summer	Deep magenta with red sepals	.75ft-1.5ft	1.5ft-2ft	Good ground cover; spreads by rhizomes, low maintenance; attracts butterflies	Tolerates clay & dry soil, well-drained	X	X
Geranium macrorrhizum Biokovo	Bigroot geranium; Scented Cranesbill	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Spring - Mid Summer	Purple pink	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-2ft	Good ground cover; spreads by rhizomes	Average, well-drained	X
Geranium maculatum	Wild geranium	Full Sun-Part Shade	spring	lilac pink	1.5ft-2ft	1ft-1.5ft	Clump-forming; mass for ground cover; attracts butterflies	Average, medium, well-drained
Geranium sanguineum	Bloody cranesbill	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Spring	Magenta-pink	.75ft-1.5ft	1ft	Clump-forming, may get a little reblooming in summer	Moist, well-drained
Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Biokovo'	Cranesbill geranium	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Pale pink	.5ft-1ft	1ft-1.5ft		Moderately fertile, well-drained		X
Geum chiloense	Avens	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Scarlet	2ft	2ft	Mounded form; fast grower.	Well-drained, moderately fertile	X
Geum coccineum	Geum; Avens	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late spring - early summer	orange	1ft-1.5ft	1 ft	Clump-forming; erect branching stems	Average, medium, well- drained	X
Gladiolus sp.	Gladiolus	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Red with white edge/yellow and pink	1.5 ft-6 ft	1 ft - 2 ft	Corm-bearing plants; after foliage yellows and before the first significant fall frost, dig up corms.	Humusy, medium to wet, well-drained	X
Hackonechloa macra 'Aureola'	Golden Japanese forest grass	part shade	summer	yellow-green	1 ft-1.5 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Excellent spreading ornamental grass for shade spot. Trim foliage to the ground in late winter to early spring before new shoots emerge	Humusy, consistenly moist, well-drained		X
Hakonechloa macra	Japanese forest grass	Part Shade	Summer	Seed head color of foliage	1.5ft	1.5ft	Woodland ornamental grass comes in green, variegated and yellow forms.	Moist, well-drained		X
Hakonechloa macra 'Albomarginata'	Japanese forest grass	part shade	summer	yellow-green foliage with white edges	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Excellent spreading ornamental grass for shade spot. Trim foliage to the ground in late winter to early spring before new shoots emerge	Fertile, moist, well-drained		X
Helenium autumnale	Sneezeweed	Full sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Yellow	3 ft-5 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Cut back stems by half in June to encourage branching; Do not fertilize as it will grow too tall	Medium to wet	X	X	X
Helianthus angustifolius	Sunflower	Full Sun	Fall	Yellow	5 ft-7 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Native to East coast of US.	Moist, well-drained	X		X
Helianthus decapetalus	Thin-leaf sunflower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Fall	Yellow	5 ft	3 ft	Native perrenial that forms colonies.	Moist, sand or clay	X		X
Helianthus 'Lemon Queen'	Hybrid sunflower	Full Sun	July - September	Lemon yellow	6 ft - 8 ft	4 ft - 6 ft	Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' is a selection of the naturally occurring hybrid of Helianthus pauciflorus var. subrhomboideus x Helianthus tuberosus. H. 'Lemon Queen'	Average, prefers moist	X	X
Helianthus maximiliani	Maximilian Sunflower	full sun	late summer-early fall	yellow-gold	3 ft-10 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Can form large colonies; Tough plant beautiful in back border & bouquets	Average, well-drained;	X
Heliopsis helianthoides	False sunflower	Full Sun	Summer	Yellow	4 ft	4 ft	Short lived.	Tolerates dry conditions	X		X
Hellebore foetidus	Stinking hellebore	shade	early spring	yellow	2 ft	1.5ft	Deeply divided dark green foliage	Moist, well-drained		x
Helleborus orientalis	Lenten Rose	Part Shade-Shade	Late Winter	Varies as to variety; many plum colored	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Flower color green as they age regardless of variety; good groundcover if massed together.	Rich, humusy, well-drained		X
Helleborus x hybridus 'Royal Heritage'	Royal Heritage hellebore; hybrid hellebore	Part shade- full shade	Early Spring	White to Rose	1.5ft-2ft	2ft-3ft	Flower color green as they age regardless of variety; good groundcover if massed together.	Rich, humusy, well-drained		X
Helleborus x sternii 'Boughton Beauty'	Hellebore, Lenten Rose	Part Shade-Shade	Late Winter	Creamy green	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Flower clolor green as they age regardless of variety; good groundcover if massed together.	Rich, humusy, well-drained		X
Hemerocallis	Day Lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	summer	light lemon yellow	2 ft	2 ft	lavender throat	Moist, well-drained
Hemerocallis	Stella d'Oro daylily	Full Sun-Part Shade	May-Aug	yellow	1 ft	1 ft	easy to grow; deadhead for neatness	Medium, well-drained	X
Hemerocallis fulva	Daylily	Full Sun-Part Shade	summer	double orange ruffled	2 ft-2.5 ft	2 ft-2.5 ft	Individual flowers open for one day	Average, well-drained	X
Hemerocallis fulva	Orange daylily; Common daylily	Full Sun-Part Shade	summer	tawny orange	2 ft-2.5 ft	2 ft-2.5 ft	Individual flowers open for one day	Average, well-drained	X
Hemerocallis 'Stella D'Oro'	Daylily	Full Sun-Part Shade	late spring-summer	yellow	.75-1 ft	.75-1ft	Fragrant; Deadhead spent flowers daily; tolerates heat and humidity; should be divided every 3-4 years;	Average, well-drained	X
Hemerocallis 'Sunday Morning'	Daylilly	Full Sun	Summer	Light lemon yellow	2 ft	2 ft	Has green throat; fragrant.	Average, well-drained
Heuchera micrantha	Coral Bells	Part Sun-Part Shade	summer	white	1 ft-2 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Good foliage/texture; apply mulch when ground is frozen to prevent heaving	Average, well-drained	X
Heuchera micrantha v. diversifolia 'Palace Purple'	Coral Bells	Part Sun-Part Shade	summer	white	1ft-2ft	1ft-1.5ft	Good foliage/texture; apply mulch when ground is frozen to prevent heaving	Fertile, moist, well-drained	X
Heuchera sanguinea	Coral bells	Part Sun-Part Shade	summer	red	1 ft-1.5ft	0.75 ft-1 ft	Apply mulch when ground is frozen to prevent heaving; attracts hummingbirds	Medium moisture, avoid heavy clay, well-drained	X
Heuchera villosa	Coral bells	Part Sun-Part Shade	Summer	White	1.5 ft-3 ft	1.5 ft- 2 ft	Does better in hot humid summmers than other species.	Medium moisture, avoid heavy clay, well-drained			X
Heuchera villosa 'Autumn Bride'	Hairy alum root, Coral bells	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer - Early Fall	White	1.5 ft - 3 ft	1.5 ft - 2 ft	Velvety light green leaves with white flowers appear above the foliage mound on slender stems.	Medium moisture, avoid heavy clay, well-drained	X	X
Heuchera x brizoides	Coral bells	Part Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Rose-pink	1 ft-2 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Watch for stem rot; attracts Hummingbirds.	Medium moisture, avoid heavy clay, well-drained	X
Hibiscus syriacus	Rose of Sharon	full sun	summer	pink	8ft-12ft	6ft-10ft	Deciduous shrub; attracts butterflies and birds; watch for Japanese beetles	Humus-rich, moist, wel-l drained	X
Hosta 'August Moon'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	White	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with rounded to heart-shaped,cupped, puckered pale green leaves, 6" long.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Banyai's Dancing Girl'	Plantain Lily	Part Shade-Full Shade	Summer	lavender	1ft-1.5ft	2ft-2.5ft	Verticillium wilt resistant	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Blue Cadet'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Lavender	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with round blue-green leaves,	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Blue Mouse Ears'	Plantain Lily	part-full shade	summer	purple	.75ft	1 ft	Thick blue rounded leaves	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta crispula	Curled Plantain Lily	shade	summer		2-3 ft	1-2 ft	Leaves have wavy irregular borders with glossy underside; variegated leaves	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Fortunei Albomarginata'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Lavender	2 ft-3 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Green leaves with white margins; one of the oldest in nursery trade.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Francee'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Lavender	1.5ft-2ft	2ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with ovate to heart shaped puckered olive green leaves with irregular white margins.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Golden Tiara'	Plantain Lily	Part shade to shade	summer	Lavender	1ft	2 ft	Small to medium hosta; clump-forming; golden yellow margin leaves; good in shady gardens	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'June'	Plantain Lily	part to full shade	summer	Purple	1ft-2ft	2ft	Blue leaves variegated with gold	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Krossa Regal'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Lavender	1.5ft-2ft	2ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with semi- erect ovate to lance shaped bluish green leaves.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Lemon Lime'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Purple	1ft	1.5ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with greenish gold foliage.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Mighty Mouse'	Plantain Lily	Part-Full Shade	Early ummer	Lavender w/gray green leaves	.5ft-.75ft	1ft	Mini Hosta; ideal for rock border or containers; divide in fall or spring	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Royal Standard'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Late Summer	White	2ft-3ft	2ft	Vigorous, clump-forming perennial with ribbed, glossy bright pale green leaves, 8" long.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Sagae'	Plantain Lily	Part-Full Shade	Summer	White w/lavender	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Attracts hummingbirds; tolerates black walnut; huge, wavy frosted-gray/green leaves w/white margins	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta sieboldiana 'Frances Williams'	Plantain Lily	Part-Full Shade	Summer	White	1.5ft-2ft	4 ft-5 ft	Large blue-green leaves variegated with green/yellow margins	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta sp.	Plantain lily	Part-Full Shade	Summer	Lavender	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-2ft	various	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Stiletto'	Plantain Lily	part-full shade	mid-late summer	purple	.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Dwarf hosta; narrow, wavy med green leaves edged in white	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta undulata	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Summer	Lavender	1.5ft-2ft	2ft	Vigorous, clump-forming; ovate shaped wavy-margined green leaves with white centers.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'Undulata Albomarginata'	Plaintain lily	Part Shade-Shade	Mid Summer	Pale lavender	1.5ft	3ft	Medium green leaves with wavy, white margins and gray-green streaks at the junction of the margin and center. Attracts hummingbirds.	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Hosta 'X-ray'	Plantain Lily	Part Shade-Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Purple	.75ft	1.5ft	Dwarf hosta; white centered leaves turning greener by mid summer	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Humulus lupulus 'Cascade'	Common Hop	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Pale green	12-15 ft	10 ft-12ft	Strong growing vine; blooms have citrusy scent; attracts butterflies	Average, moist, well-drained		X
Hyacinthoides hispanica	Spanish bluebells	Part Shade	Spring	Bluish Lavender	12 in-18 in	12 in-14 in	Strong growers that can quickly invade a garden.	Prefers sandy well drained				X
Hydrangea macrophylla	Bigleaf hydrangea	Full Sun-Part Sun	Summer	Blue	6 ft-8 ft	6 ft-8 ft	Flower color is affected by pH.	Moist, well drained; moderately fertile
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Endless Summer'	Bigleaf Hydrangea	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Blue	6 ft	6 ft	Flower color is affected by pH.	Moist, well-drained
Hydrangea paniculata	Panicle hydrangea	Full Sun-Part Sun	Summer	White	8 ft-10 ft	8 ft-10 ft	Prune on new wood in spring to control size.	Moist, well drained; moderately fertile	X			X
Hydrangea quercifolia 'Alice'	Oak Leaf Hydrangea	full sun - part shade	summer	white to pink to tan	4ft-6ft	4ft-6ft	Good for woodland garden, prune after flowering in early fall; do not prune in spring	Moist, well-drained, moderately fertile	X
Hydrangea quercifolia 'Ruby Slippers'	Oak Leaf Hydrangea	Part Sun	Summer	White/pink/tan	4ft-6ft	4ft-6ft	Good for woodland garden; prune after flowering in early fall; do not prune in spring	Moist, well drained; moderately fertile	X
Hydrangea anomala	Climbing hydrangea	full sun	late spring-summer	White	50 ft	spreads	Vigorous, woody climber	Moist, well-drained soil
Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris (see Hydrangea anomala)
Hydrangea petiolaris (see Hydrangea anomala)
Hydrophyllum canadense	Bluntleaf Waterleaf	part-full shade	late spring-early summer	light purple	1 ft-2 ft	1 ft-2 ft	Excellent groundcover with small flower under leaves; will spread	Moist , well-drained	X	X	X
Hylotelephium; Sedum 'Autumn Joy'	Sedum; Stonecrop	Full Sun	fall	rosy pink	1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Attracts butterflies; divide every 3-4 years	Average, well-drained	X
Hypericum ascyron	Great St. John's Wort	Full Sun	late summer	yellow	4 ft-6 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Tall, stout and erect; long blooming; self-seeder	Average, moist to moderate	X	X	X
Hypericum 'Hidcote'	St. John's Wort	Full Sun-Part Sun	Summer	Bright yellow	2 ft-4 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Cut back lightly in Spring; blooms on new wood.	Well-drained, tolerates dry soil
Hypericum prolificum	Shrubby St. John's Wort	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	yellow	1ft-5ft	1ft-4ft	Prune in early spring; compact shrub; Phototoxic if eaten	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X
Hyssopus officinalis	Hyssop	Full Sun	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Dark blue	2ft-3ft	3ft	Dwarf semi-evergreen; aromatic foliage and flowers; good for containers and rock gardens; cut back to ground in spring	Well-drained; neutral to alkaline	X	X
Iberis saxatilis	Candytuft	Full Sun	Late Spring-Summer	White	.5ft	1ft	Semi-evergreen subshrub; snowflake-lie flowers in dense clustersmay need shearing if it spreads widely and becomes scraggly.	Poor to average; well- drained	X
Ilex crenata	Hoogendorn Holly	Full Sun	Late Spring-Early Summer	White	2 ft	3 ft	Low growing; densely branched shrub. Male plant/no berries. Cold hardiness	Acidic, well-drained		X
Ilex opaca	American Holly	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White or greenish	40 ft-50 ft	up to 20 ft	Dioecious: need male and female in proximity to produce berries; larval plant fo Henry's Elfin butterfly	Moist, acidic, well-drained	X	X	X
Ilex sp.	Holly	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring-Early Summer	White or cream			Grown for foliage and berries; prune in early years only	Moist, well-drained
Impatiens capensis	Jewelweed	part-full shade	Early Summer-Early Fall	Orange with red spots	2-5 ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Annual; Good for rain gardens; self-seeding	Humusy, wet; likes wet feet			X
Iris cristata	Dwarf crested iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Blue-lilac	.5ft	.5ft-1ft	Herbaceous perennial. Ground cover; Rapid spreading	Rich, medium, well-drained		X	X
Iris 'Delta Star'	Louisiana iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring-Summer	Purple/Narrow Yellow Markings	2ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Beardless. Naturalizes slowly; Needs moisture; Divide every 3-5 years.	Rich, medium, well-drained		X
Iris domestica	Blackberry lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Yellow-to-orange-red with maroon spots	2 ft-3 ft	0.75 ft-2 ft	Formerly known: Belamcanda chinensis. Rhizomatous perennial.	Moist but well-drained soil that does not dry out in Summer				X
Iris fulva 'Lois Yellow'	Louisiana iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Yellow	2ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Beardless. Perfect for bog gardens and at the margins of lakes and ponds; Naturalizes slowly	Fertile, slightly acidic, moist to wet		X
Iris germanica	Bearded iris; German iris	Full Sun	Mid Spring-Early Summer	Various	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-2ft	Keep mulch away from leaves and rhizomes as it likes warm soil. Remove faded foliage and blooms	Humusy, medium, well-drained		X
Iris pseudacorus	Yellow flag	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Yellow	3 ft-4 ft	24 in	Extremely vigorous grower.	Prefers moist soil and can thrive in standing water.		X		X
Iris sibirica	Siberian iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Blue-violet	1.5ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Bearded. Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested; Good for rain gardens; Narrow, sword-like leaves	Moist, fertile, well-drained		X
Iris sibirica 'Caesar's Brother'	Siberian Iris 'Caesar's Brother'	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Deep purple	3 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Bearded. Parts of plants are poisonus if ingested. Good for rain garden	Moist, fertile, well-drained		X
Iris tectorum	Roof iris, Japanese roof iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	Dark blue	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Beardless. Useful in wet areas, such as around ponds, fountains and rock gardens	Rich, medium, well-drained		X
Iris tectorum 'Alba'	White roof iris	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring	White frilly	1ft-1.5ft	2ft-3ft	Beardless. Useful in wet areas, such as around ponds, fountains and rock gardens	Rich, medium, well-drained		X
Juncus effusus	Common Rush	Full Sun	Summer	Brown	2ft-3ft	1ft	Beautiful accent; rhizomatous; cut back old foliage in spring	Average, moist to wet, well-drained		X	X
Juniperus virginiana	Eastern Red Cedar	Full Sun	Blue berries in Fall	Non-flowering	50 ft-100 ft	15 ft-25 ft	Evergreen tree. Berries are good bird food and the tree provides shelter.	Any soil except very wet conditions			X
Kalimeris pinnatifida	Japanese Aster	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer-Fall	White	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Makes good cut flowers.	Average, moist, well-drained	X
Kniphofia sp.	Red Hot Poker	Full Sun	Late Spring-Early Summer	orange	3 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Spike flowers; clump forming; rhizomatous; attractive to bees	Rich, humusy; not wet	X
Lagerstroemia indica	Crape myrtle	Full Sun	Summer	Hot Pink	15 ft	10 ft	Peeling bark provides interest; protect from winter winds	Moist, well-drained	X
Lamium galeobdolon	Yellow Archangel	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Summer	Yellow	Up to 24 in	Spreading	Formerly: Lamiastrum galeobdolon. Fast-spreading variegated groundcover; good companion plant for ferns	Rich, moist and well-drained	X	X		X
Lamium maculatum 'Pink Nancy'	Deadnettle	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Early summer	Pale pink	.5ft-.75ft	2ft	Silver leaves with thin green margins; a tough, beautiful and hardy evergreen ground cover	Moist, humus-rich, well-drained	X	X
Lamprocapnos spectabilis	Bleeding Heart	Part-Full Shade	mid-late spring	pink	2 ft-3 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Not bothered by insects or diseases. Goes dormant in late summer	Humusy, moist, well-drained		X
Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Alba'	Bleeding Heart 'Alba'	Part-Full Shade	mid-late spring	white	2 ft-3 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Not bothered by insects or diseases. Goes dormant in late summer	Humusy, moist, well-drained		X
Laurus nobilis	Bay Laurel	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	White/yellow/pale green	container	container	Protect from frost indoors; container plant ONLY in NJ; leaves may be used for seasoning; keep away from pets	Medium to dry		X
Leucanthemum vulgare	Ox-eye Daisy; Marguerite	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Summer	White w/yellow center	1ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Remove spent heads to promote bloom; divide clumps as needed; rhizomatous	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X
Leucanthemum x superbum	Shasta Daisy	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer-Fall	White/yellow w/green center	1 ft-3 ft	2 ft	Long lasting blooms. Remove spent flower heads to promote bloom. Good for cutting	Average, well-drained	X
Leucojum vernum	Spring Snowflake	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring	White	.75ft-1ft	.75ft-1.5ft	Bulbous perennial; Bell shaped flowers; Good in border or naturalized; toxic to humans and pets	Rich, reliably moist		X
Leucothoe fontanesiana	Drooping laurel	part to full shade	spring	white	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with arching branches	Rich, moist, well-drained
Liatris spicata	Blazing Star	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Pink-purple	up to 5 ft	1.5ft	Spike flowers; Clump-forming; Supports broad community of butterflies	Average , well-drained	X		X
Ligularia	Ligularia	partial to full shade	late summer	yellow	3-4 ft	3-4 ft		Moist, rich, well-drained	X	X
Ligustrum amurense	Amur Privet	Full Sun-Part Shade	May-June	White	12 ft-15 ft	8 ft-15 ft	Dense, erect, multi-stemmed; fast growing deciduous shrub; fragrant flower	Average, well-drained, not wet	X	X
Lilium	Asiatic Lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	June	Yellow	3 ft-4 ft	0.75-1 ft	Cut plants back only after leaves turn yellow. Remove flowers as they fade; fragrant	Average, well-drained
Lilium lancifolium	Tiger Lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Orange	6 ft	1 ft	Plant bulbs in fall; bloom only once;	Moist; well-drained
Lilium superbum	American turkscap lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer	Orange with maroon spots	4 ft-7 ft	1ft	Vigorous stem rooting; Attractive to hummingbirds	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X		X
Lillium	Hybrid Lily	Full Sun-Part Shade	June	Gold	1ft-1.5ft	.75ft-1ft	Can be divided	Average, well drained		X
Lindera benzoin	Spice bush	Part shade	Mid Spring	Tiny green/yellow	6 ft-12 ft	6 ft-12 ft	Deciduous shrub; aromatic leaves; great yellow color in autumn; host to swallowtail carterpillar	Fertile, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Liquidambar styraciflua	Sweet gum	full sun	spring	yellow-green	60ft-80ft	40ft-60ft	Intolerant of shade; produces hard bristly fruiting clusters;	Average, medium, well-drained			X
Liriodendron tulipifera	Tulip tree; yellow poplar	full sun	late spring-early summer	green, yellow and orange	70 ft	30 ft	Stately tree	Acidic, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Liriope muscari	Lilyturf	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Lavender	1 ft-1.5 ft	0.75 ft-1 ft	Evergreen or semi-evergreen; forms dense clumps; good for borders; vigorous grower	Well-drained; moist; prefers acidic	X
Lobelia cardinalis	Cardinal flower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Red	2 ft-4 ft	1-2 ft	somewhat short-lived;hummingbird nectar;potentially toxic if ingested	Moist to wet, well-drained	X		X
Lobelia siphilitica	Blue cardinal flower; Great lobelia	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Blue	2 ft-4 ft	1ft	Clump forming. Potentially toxic if ingested. Very high moisture needs; Suitable for bogs and water gardens	Moist to wet; well-drained	X		X
Lonicera sempervirens 'Alabama Crimson'	Trumpet Honeysuckle 'Alabama Crimson'	Full Sun	Late Spring-EarlySummer	Crimson Red	10 ft-20 ft	3 ft-6 ft	A twining vine that needs a support structure upon which to grow unless allowed to sprawl as a ground cover. Prune as needed immediately after flowering.	Average, medium moisture, well-drained	X	X
Lunaria annua	Honesty; Moneyplant	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Lavender	2 ft-3 ft	1ft-2ft	Biennial; Self-seeding; Dried flat seed pods are used for arrangements	Moist, well-drained	X
Lychnis coronaria	Rose campion	Full Sun	Summer	Magenta	2 ft-3 ft	1.5ft	Clump forming. Silver foliage. Prolong bloom by deadheading.	Average, well-drained	X	X
Lysimachia ciliata	Fringed loosestrife	full sun-part shade	mid summer	yellow	4 ft	2 ft	Attracts bees, butterflies and birds	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Lysimachia ciliata 'Purpurea'	Purple fringed loosestrife	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Yellow	2ft-2.5ft	1.5ft	Purple foliage. Attracts bees, butterflies, and birds	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Lysimachia clethroides	Gooseneck loosestrife	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	White	3 ft	2 ft	A beautiful cut flower in arrangements. Spreads by runners.	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X
Lysimachia nummularia	Creeping Jennry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Gold/Yellow	2 in-4 in	1 ft-1.5 ft	A low growing ground cover in the primrose family that roots at nodes as it grows along the ground. It is considered invasive in several states.	Prefers moist, fertile soil but spreads less aggressively in drier, poorer soil.	X	X		X
Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'	Golden creeping Jenny	Part Shade-Full Shade	Early Summer	Yellow	2 in-4 in	Spreading	Rampant, prostrate groundcover which forms a leafy mat. Can be invasive.	Average, moist but well-drained soil	X	X		X
Lysimachia punctata	Yellow loosestrife	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Yellow	3 ft	2 ft	Attracts bees, butterflies, and birds	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Matricaria recutita	German chamomile	Full Sun	Early-Late Summer	White	1ft-2ft	.75ft-1ft	Annual	Dry to medium; tolerates poor soils		X
Matteuccia struthiopteris	Ostrich fern	Part Shade	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	3 ft-5 ft	Spreading	Spreads vigorously.	Humus rich, moist, well-drained		X	X
Mazus reptans	Mazus	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Purple-blue	.2ft	1ft	Prostrate groundcover; may have issues with slugs and snails.	Moist, well-drained, prefers sheltered site.		X
Melissa officinalis	Lemon Balm	Full Sun	Summer	Yellow	2ft-4ft	1ft-1.5ft	Drought tolerant; leaves have strong scent of lemon when bruised and can be used in potpourri or herb tea.	Poor, well-drained	X	X
Mentha x piperita	Peppermint	Full Sun	Summer	Lilac-pink	1 ft-3 ft	3 ft	Vigorous perennial; aromatic leaves; usually sterile hybrid	Rich, moist, well-drained
Mertensia virginica	Virginia Bluebells	part shade	spring	blue/pink	1-2 ft	1-2 ft	Ephemeral; showy flowers in spring	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Metasequoia glyptostroboides	Dawn redwood	Full Sun	Deciduous conifer	n/a	70 ft-130 ft	15 ft	Fast growing; deciduous: drops its leaves in fall.	Humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil; tolerant of wet soil.
Mimulus ringens	Allegheny Monkeyflower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	blue violet	2ft	1ft	Naturalizes by creeping rhizome and self seeding	Moist to wet; well-drained	X	X	X
Miscanthus sinensis	Maiden Hair grass	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer-Fall	large graceful fluffy panicles; burgundy to copper in fall	5 ft	2 ft	Drought tolerant once established; cut down to 6" in mid-March; divide every 3 years	Average, medium, well-drained
Monarda didyma	Bee balm	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Red or Purple	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft	Mildew resistant	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X	X
Monarda didyma 'Gardenview Scarlet'	Bee Balm	Full sun - Part Shade	Summer	Red	2ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Aromatic leaves; attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; a vigorous spreader; mildew resistant	Average, medium to wet, well-drained	X	X
Monarda didyma 'Jacob Cline'	Bee balm	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Scarlet red	4 ft-5 ft	2 ft	Aromatic leaves; attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; a vigorous spreader; mildew resistant	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Monarda didyma 'Raspberry Wine'	Bee balm	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Raspberry red	3 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Aromatic leaves; attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; a vigorous spreader; mildew resistant	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Monarda fistulosa	Wild Bergamot	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Lilac or pink	2 ft-4 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Aromatic leaves; attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; a vigorous spreader; mildew resistant	Dry-medium; ok in poor soil, well-drained	X	X	X
Monarda 'Judith's Fancy Fuchsia'	Bee Balm	Full Sun-Part Shade	early July	purplish red	3 ft-4 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Resistant to powdery mildew; Aromatic leaves; vigorous spreader	Humus rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Muscari armeniacum	Grape hyacinth	Full Sun-Part Shade	early-mid spring	royal blue	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-1ft	Easy to grow; suitable for naturalizing	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X
Muscari latifolium	Grape hyacinth	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early-Mid Spring	Royal blue	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-.75ft	Easy to grow and suitable for naturalizing	Moderately fertile, moist, well-drained	X	X
Myosotis scorpioides	Forget-Me-Not	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring-Early Summer	Sky Blue	0.5 ft-1 ft	0.75 ft-1 ft	Plants will spread by creeping rhizomes. Pinch young plants to promote bushiness. Plants will self seed.	Rich, consistently moist to wet	X	X
Myosotis sp.	Forget-me-not	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring-Early Summer	Blue	.5ft-1ft	.5ft	In hotter climates, succumbs to summer heat; but self-seeds easily. Not all species are native.	Moderately fertile, moist well-drained	X	X
Myosotis sylvatica	Woodland Forget-Me-Not	full sun-part shade	spring	Blue	0.5-1ft	0.75-1ft	Plants will persist in the garden for many years by freely and sometimes aggressively self-seeding	Rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Nandina domestica	Heavenly bamboo	full sun	early summer	White	3 ft-8ft	2 ft-4ft	Evergreen to semi-evergreen shrub; very invasive; conical panicles of small white flowers followed by bright red fruit	Moderately fertile, humus rich, well-drained
Narcissus sp	Daffodil	full sun-part shade	spring	yellow	1ft1.5ft	.25ft	Leaves and flowers are more delicate than the norm. Retain foliage 6 weeks after blooms fade; lift and divide	Fertile, moist but well-drained		X
Nepeta cataria	Catnip	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer-Fall	Blue	1ft-3ft	1ft-a.5ft	Attracts cats; aromatic leaves, drought-tolerant.	Dry-medium,well-drained, drought tolerant	X	X
Nepeta racemosa	Catmint	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Purple	1ft	1.5ft	Aromatic leaves; attracts butterflies; drought resistant	Dry-medium,well-drained, drought tolerant	X	X
Nepeta x faassenii	Catnip	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer-Early Fall	Blue	2ft	2ft	Trim back after flowering to encourage additional blooming.	Dry-medium,well-drained, drought tolerant	X	X
Nipponanthemum nipponicum	Montauk daisy	Full Sun	Mid Summer-after frost	White	2ft	2ft	Unpleasantly aromatic. Deadhead for continual bloom. Cut back almost to ground every spring.	Moderately fertile, well-drained	X	X
Oenothera biennis	Evening Primrose	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer-Fall	Yellow	3 ft-5 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Upright biennial	Average, medium, well-drained	X
Oenothera fruticosa	Sundrops	full sun	late spring-late summer	deep yellow	1ft-3ft	1ft	Blooms in daytime; perennial or biennial; pollinated by moths/hummingbirds	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Oenothera lindheimeri	Gaura, Beeblossom	Full Sun	Summer-Early Fall	Pink/White	2ft-5ft	2ft-3ft	Tolerates heat, humidity, some drought and poor soils	Average, medium, well-drained
Oenothera perennis	Nodding sundrops	Full Sun	Early Summer-Late Summer	Yellow	1ft-2ft	1ft-1.5ft	Blooms in daytime; clump forming perennial.	Poor to moderately fertile, well-drained to slightly dry.		X	X
Oenothera sp	Evening Primrose; Pinkladies	Full Sun	summer	pink	.75ft-2ft	1ft-2ft	Fragrant; tolerates drought and poor soil; good for meadows	Average, medium, well- drained
Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive Fern	part-full shade	non flowering	non flowering	1ft-2ft	spreads	Fronds scorch in too much sun	Humusy, moist, well-drained		X	X
Ophiopogon planiscapus	Mondo grass	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	White	.75ft	.75ft-1ft	Green grass-like ground cover; after flowering, produces small, blue-black fruit.	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained, preferably acidic.		X
Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens'	Black Mondo Grass	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	purple	.75ft	.75ft-1ft	Black grass-like perennial; low maintenance	Humus-rich, moist, acidic, well-drained		X
Origanum 'Aurea'	Golden oregano herb	full sun	summer	pinkish white	1ft-2ft	1ft-2ft	Tender perennial; for best flavor, cut back stems before flowers bloom	Average, dry-medium well-drained		X
Origanum vulgare	Oregano	Full Sun	Summer	White	1ft-2ft	1ft-2ft	Can be aggressive; best if planted in a pot	Average, medium, well drained		X
Osmunda regalis	Flowering fern, 'Royal fern"	Full Sun-Full Shade	Summer	Green	2 ft-6 ft	12 ft	Deciduous fern, clumping habit; prefers damp area or edge of pond/stream.	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained, preferably acidic.		X	X
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum	Cinnamon Fern	Part Shade-Full Shade	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Remains attractive through summer; excellent for wet areas.	Average, moist to wet, well-drained		X
Pachysandra terminalis	Pachysandra	Part-Full Shade	Spring-Early Summer	White	.75ft	spreads	Evergreen ground cover; grows well under shrubs and in woodlands	Any soil except dry conditions	X	X		X
Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge'	Pachysandra	Part-Full Shade	Spring-Early Summer	White	.75ft	spreads	Evergreen ground cover; leaves have white margins; grows well under shrubs and in woodlands	Any soil except dry conditions	X	X
Packera aurea	Golden Ragwort	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	Yellow	0.5 ft-2.5 ft	0.5 ft-1.5 ft	somewhat weedy valued for its ability to thrive in moist shady locations; naturalizes rapidly and has a long and profuse spring bloom	average, medium to wet	X	X	X
Paeonia	Peony	full sun-part shade	late spring-early summer	pink	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Attracts butterflies; cut stems after first frost and mulch well for winter	Average, well-drained		X
Panicum virgatum 'Shenandoah'	Switch Grass	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Fall	Reddish-pink	3 ft - 4 ft	3 ft - 4 ft	Foliage emerges bluish-green but rapidly turns burgundy-red (by late June) to form a compact, narrow, erect, 3' tall clump of foliage which is topped in summer by finely-textured, reddish-pink flower panicles..	Average, medium to wet		X
Pennisetum alopecuroides	Fountain Grass	Full Sun	Fall	Brown	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Dusky bottle brush flowers; cut back to 3" by late winter	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Penstemon digitalis	Beardtongue	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early-Late Summer	White, sometimes flushed with violet	2 ft-4 ft	1.5ft	Tolerates high heat and humidity	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X		X
Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red'	Beardtongue	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early-Late Summer	Pink-tinted white flowers	1.5-2.5ft	1 ft	Maroon-red young leaves	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X		X
Penstemon hirsutus	Hairy Beardtongue	Full sun	spring	pink to lavender	1.5 ft	1 ft	Low growing. Spreads with rhyzomes; deer resistant; attracts pollinators	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Penstemon x mexicali 'Red Rocks'	Beardtongue	Full Sun	Spring-Mid-Summer	Rose-red and white	1ft-2ft	1ft	Showy flower	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X
Perovskia atriplicifolia	Russian sage	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Powder blue	4 ft	3 ft	12 to15-inch sprays of tiny powder blue flowers; aromatic leaves; cut back plants in late winter or early spring as soon as new growth appears	Average, dry to medium; soil drainage is essential
Petasites albus	Butterbur	Full Sun-Full Shade	Mid-Late Spring	Yellowish-white	2 ft	3ft	Aggressive grower	Prefers consistently moist-wet, not stagnant
Petasites hybridus	Butterbur	part to full shade	spring	pink-purple	3ft	9ft	Good wetland plant, large leaves, dense growth, nectar source for bees, dioecious	Prefers consistently moist-wet, not stagnant	X
Petasites japonicus var. giganteus	Butterbur	Part Shade-Full Shade	Early Spring	Yellowish-white	42 in	5 ft	Large leaves; aggressive grower	Prefers consistently moist-wet, not stagnant
Petasites japonicus 'Variegata'	Variegated Butterbur; Sweet Coltsfoot	part to full shade	early spring	non flowering	3 ft	3 ft	Umbrella-like leaves; great along stream; can be invasive	Prefers consistently moist-wet, not stagnant
Philadelphus sp.	Mock orange	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White	2 ft-10 ft	2 ft-10 ft	Sweetly fragrant deciduous shrub; fertilize monthly during growing season	Average, medium, well-drained
Phlox paniculata	Garden phlox	Full Sun	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Pale Pink	4 ft	2ft	Fragrant; long blooming; deadhead	Fertile, medium, well- drained soil	X		X
Phlox paniculata 'Jeana'	Jeana Garden Phlox	full sun	mid-late summer	Lavender-pink	5 ft	4 ft	Fragrant, excellent resistance to powdery mildew	Fertile, medium, well-drained	X		X
Phlox stolonifera	Creeping Phlox	full sun - part shade	summer	purple	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-1ft	Mat-forming; spreads by stolons	Fertile, medium, well-drained
Physocarpus opulifolius	Ninebark	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White or Pink	5 ft-8 ft	4 ft-6 ft	Prune as needed immediately after flowering, and no later than mid-August. Prefers acidic soil	Average, slightly acidic, dry-medium,well-drained	X		X
Physostegia virginiana	Obedient plant	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Pink, Deep Purple or Lilac	4 ft	2 ft	Good for cut flowers	Average, moist, acidic, well-drained			X
Picea glauca	White spruce	Full Sun	Non-flowering	Non-flowering	up to 160 ft	10 ft-20 ft	Green changing to light brown cones	Deep, moist, well- drained
Platycodon grandiflorus	Balloon flower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Purple-blue	1ft-2.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Clump forming; flowers puff up like balloons; good in rock gardens or edging; avoid wet soil	Light, medium, well-drained
Podophyllum peltatum	Mayapple	Full Shade-Part Shade	Spring	White to Pale Pink	1.5ft	4 ft	Creeping; rhizomatous; all parts of plant are highly toxic if ingested	Humus-rich, leafy, moist, well-drained			X
Polemonium caeruleum	Jacob's ladder	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Blue	1ft-3ft	1ft	Deadhead regularly	Average, consistently moist, well-drained	X
Polygonatum biflorum	Small Solomon's Seal	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Mid Summer	Greenish-white	1ft-4ft	2ft	Arching stems; suitable for mixed or herbaceous borders; rhizomatous	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained
Polygonatum humile	Dwarf Solomon's seal	Part shade - full shade	Late Spring - Mid Summer	Greenish-white	.5ft-1ft	1ft-1.5ft	Fragrant; rhizomatous;	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained
Polygonatum odoratum	Fragrant Solomon's Seal	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White	up to 3ft	1ft	Fragrant; rhizomatous	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained
Polygonatum verticillatum	Whorled Solomon's Seal	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Mid Summer	Greenish-white	.75ft-3ft	1ft	"Whorled" Solomon's Seal; rhizomatous	Humus-rich, moist, well-drained
Polystichum acrostichoides	Christmas fern	Part Shade-Full Shade	Not applicable	Green foliage	1.5ft	3ft	Evergreen	Fertile, humus-rich, well-drained
Primula veris	Primula; Cowslip	part shade	spring	yellow	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft	Clump-forming; semi-evergreen; fragrant	Rich, moist, well-drained	X
Prunus pensylvanica	Pin Cherry; Fire Cherry; Bird Cherry	full sun - shade	June	white clusters; tiny cherries	35 ft-50 ft	35 ft-50ft	Slender, fast growing, flowers and fruits early, attracts butterflies	Average, medium to moist, tolerates clay	X	X	X
Prunus serotina	Black cherry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	white	50ft-80ft	30ft-60ft	Beautiful foliage and fall color; fragrant	Average, medium, well-drained
Pteridium aquilinum	Eastern Bracken Fern	part-full shade	spring-late fall	no flower	4 ft	3 ft	Great for woodlands; aggressive spreader	Average, best in woodland setting		X
Pulmonaria longifolia	Longleaf lungwort	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Winter to Late Spring	Blue	1ft	1.5ft	Good groundcover	Fertile, humus-rich, moist
Pulmonaria saccharata	Lungwort Bethlehem sage	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Winter to Late Spring	Red-violet, Violet or White	1ft	2ft	Good groundcover; white-spotted mid-green leaves	Fertile, humus-rich, moist
Pulmonaria 'Trevi Fountain'	Lungwort	part to full shade	mid-spring	cobalt blue	.75ft-1ft	1.5ft-2ft	Good groundcover; silver spotted leaves; remove spent leaves	Humus-rich, moist, well drained
Pycnanthemum incanum	Hoary mountain mint	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer to Early Fall	White, sometimes lavender tinged	2 ft-3 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Flowers best in full sun; vigorous grower; aromatic leaves	Average, well-drained	X		X
Pycnanthemum muticum	Blunt Mountain Mint	full sun-part shade	mid summer-early fall	pink	1 ft-3 ft	1 ft-3 ft	Aromatic leaves (mint); vigorous grower; best flowering in full sun	Fertile, well-drained	X		X
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium	Narrow leaf Mountain Mint	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer	White	2ft-3ft	2ft-3ft	Herbaceous; vigorous grower; strong mint aroma when crushed	Tolerates clay, dry soil, shallow and rocky	X	X	X
Pycnanthemum virginianum	American mountain mint	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer	Pink or White	2.5ft-3ft	1ft-1.5ft	Leaves are aromatic when bruised	Fertile, well-drained	X		X
Quercus palustris	Pin oak	Full Sun	Mid Spring	Yellowish-green	50 ft-70 ft	25 ft-50 ft	Deciduous; fast growing; acorns in fall. Inconspicuous monoecious flowers in male and female catkins; leaves turn full red in fall.	Average, medium-wet, acidic			X
Quercus phellos	Willow oak	Full Sun	Mid Spring	Yellow-green	40 ft-75 ft	40 ft-60 ft	Deciduous; spreading; acorns in fall. Inconspicuous monoecious flowers in male and female catkins; leaves turn yellow-bown or dull gold in fall.	Average, medium-wet, well-drained			X
Quercus rubra	Red oak	full sun	late spring	yellow/green	50ft-75ft	50ft-75ft	Tolerates drought; black walnut tolerant	Fertile; Dry to medium; acidic, well-drained	X	X	X
Rabdosia longituba	Trumpet spurflower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Fall	Blue	2 ft-4 ft	2 ft-4 ft	Synonyms: Isodon longibus, Plecthanthus longibus. Small, elegant blue tubular flowers.	Well-drained
Ratibida pinnata	Prairie coneflower	Full Sun	Summer	Yellow	4 ft	1.5 ft	Biennial	Dry, moderately fertile, well-drained
Rhododendron canascens	Mountain Azalea	Part Shade	Late Spring	Pink	6ft-15ft	6ft-12ft	Deciduous	Humusy, organically rich,acidic, well drained	X	X	X
Ribes uva -crispa	Gooseberry	Full Sun-Part Sun	Spring	Greenish yellow	4 ft	30 in	Edible fruits; plant has thorns	Acidic to neutral, well-drained	X
Rodgersia pinnata	Rodgersia	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	Creamy pink to red	3 ft-4 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Bold, rhizomatous perennial featuring pinnately compound, basal leaves; showy flowers; foliage turns reddish-bronze in late summer.	Well-drained, tolerates heavy clay		X
Rosa Carolina	Carolina Rose; Prairie Rose; Pasture Rose	full sun	mid summer	rose with yellow center	1-3 ft	1-3 ft	sweet scent; spreads by rhizomes for form clump	Average, tolerates clay	X	X	X
Rubus idaeus	Red raspberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Spring	White	4 ft-6 ft	3 ft-9 ft	Edible fruit; spread by canes	Rich, slightly acidic, moist, well-drained	X		X
Rubus idaeus 'Fall Gold'	Golden Raspberry	full sun- part shade	spring	golden fruit	1.5-2ft	1.5-2ft	Flowers/fruits 2x/year; edible fruit, spreads by canes	Rich, slightly acidic, moist, well-drained	X
Rubus idaeus v. Glencoe	Purple thornless raspberry	Full Sun	Summer	White	4ft-10ft	3ft-6ft	Self-fertile; fruits on floricanes; disease resistant	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X
Rubus oderatus	Purple-flowering raspberry	full sun-part shade	summer	purple pink	6 ft	12 ft	Suckering, can be aggressive, large flower	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X
Rudbeckia fulgida	Black-eyed Susan	Full Sun	Early Summer-Mid Fall	Orange yellow	2 ft-3 ft	1 ft-2 ft	Spreads slowly spread by rhizomes. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage bloom.	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X
Rudbeckia hirta	Black-eyed Susan	Full Sun	Summer-Early Fall	yellow	2ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Biennial; Tolerates heat; Deadhead to encourage growth; Self-seeding	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X
Rudbeckia laciniata	Cutleaf coneflower	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer-Fall	Yellow rays and green center disks	5 ft-10 ft	1.5 ft-3 ft	Can spread aggressively by underground stems; divide clumps to control growth.	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X
Rudbeckia maxima	Great coneflower; large coneflower	full sun	summer	yellow	5ft-7ft	3ft-4ft	Flower stalks may be left in place after bloom for goldfinches to enjoy; attracts butterflies	Average, moist, well-drained	X
Rudbeckia subtomentosa	Sweet coneflower	full sun to part shade	summer to fall	yellow	2ft-5ft	2ft-3ft	Deadhead flowers to encourage additional bloom; appreciates good air circulation	Average, medium, well-drained	X
Rudbeckia subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers'	Sweet coneflower	Full Sun	Summer	Yellow	3ft-5ft	1ft-2ft	Great cut flower	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Rudbeckia triloba	Brown-eyed Susan	Full Sun	Mid Summer-Mid Fall	Yellow rays with brown-purple center disk	2 ft-5 ft	1 ft-3 ft	Biennial or short-lived perennial; long bloomer; enthusiastic seeder	Average, moist, well-drained	X		X
Rumex sanguineus	Red-veined dock	full sun-part shade	early summer	Green leaves with red veins	1-2 ft	1-2 ft	Herbaceous; attractive foliage in herb garden or container; ornamental	Moist, well-drained
Ruta graveolens	Common rue	Full Sun	Early Summer-Mid Summer	Yellow	2 ft-3 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Handling plants may cause dermatitis. Prune back to old wood in early spring.	Moderately fertile, dry to medium, well-drained		X
Salia lyrata	Lyre-leaved sage; Cancer weed	Full Sun	Mid Spring-Early Summer	Purple	1 ft-2 ft	0.75 ft-1 ft	Features whorls of two-lipped, purple flowers (1 inch long) in upright, interrupted spikes which typically rise above the foliage to 1-2 ft tall.	Average, medium to wet	X		X
Salix babylonica v tortuosa	Corkscrew willow	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early-Mid Spring	pale yellow	25 ft-25 ft	15 ft-20 ft	Showy yellow leaf in fall; nice specimen tree; formerly Salix matsudana	Deep, moist, well- drained
Salix babylonica v.pekinensis 'Tortuosa'	Dragon's claw willow; corkscrew willow	Full Sun-Part Shade	late spring	pale yellow	20ft-30ft	10ft-15ft	Specimen tree; thrives in moist soil; twisted branches; prune in late winter or early spring	Average, medium-wet, well-drained		X
Salix discolor	Pussy Willow	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring	Gray	up to 25ft	4ft-12ft	Bloom on bare stems before leaves appear; cut back heavily every few years to encourage lots of vigorous growth; best kept trimmed to large multi-stemmed shrub	Average, medium to wet, well drained	X		X
Salix gracilistyla	Rose-gold pussy willow	Full Sun	Early-Mid Spring	Grayish, but pinkish/reddish tinged	6 ft-10 ft	6 ft-12 ft	Cut back hard every 3-4 years in the spring to promote healthy, vigorous growth.	Average, medium-wet, well-drained
Salix matsudana	Corkscrew willow	full sun-part shade	n/a	yellow leaf in fall	25-35 ft	15-20 ft	Showy in fall, nice specimen tree	Average, medium-wet,well-drained
Salvia nemorosa	Sage	Full Sun	Summer-Early Fall	Violet to purple or white to pink	1.5 ft-3 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Cut plants back after flowering has concluded.	Average, dry-medium, well-drained soil	X
Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens'	Common sage	full sun - part shade	early summer	blue	2 ft-2.5 ft	2 ft-2.5 ft	culinary herb	Average, dry-medium, well-drained		X
Sambucus canadensis	American black elderberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early-Mid Summer	White	5 ft-12 ft	5 ft-12 ft	Edible fruits; fruits attractive to wildlife. Hard prune to control size,	Average, medium-wet, well-drained	X		X
Sambucus nigra 'Eva'	Black lace elderberry	full sun - part shade	Early-Mid summer	white	5ft-12ft	5ft-12ft	Edible fruits; fruits attractive to wildlife. Hard prune to control size	Humus-rich, moist, well drained	X
Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot	part-full shade	early spring	white	.5ft-1ft	1ft-1.25ft	All parts of the plant are poisonous	Humusy, moist, well-drained	X		X
Saponara officinalis	Bouncing Bet, Soapwort	Full Sun	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Pink	1 ft- 2ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Used to make lightly scented soap. Spreads gently by rhizomes.	Average, dry-medium, well-drained	X
Sarcococca hookeramia	Sweetbox	part to full shade	spring	white	1ft-2ft	2ft-4ft	Broadleaf evergreen shrub; fragrant	Rich, acidic, moist, well-drained
Sarcococca hookeramia var dignya 'Purple Stem'	Sweetbox	Part Shade-Full Shade	Winter	Cream/Pink	2ft-3ft	2ft-3.5ft	Broadleaf evegreen shrub; fragrant; drought tolerant once established	Average, moist, well-drained	X	X
Sarracenia flava	Yellow pitcher plant	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Spring	yellow green	.25ft	clump	Rhizomatous; Best grown outdoors; need winter dormancy, keep in unheated garage; sit in a tray/saucer of distilled or rain water 1-2" deep; no fertilizer; potting medium 1:1 peat-moss: horticultural sand or peat moss: perlite	Wet medium		X	X
Saruma henryi	Saruma; Upright wild ginger	part-full shade	spring	yellow	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-3ft	Very deer resistant; leaves look like wild ginger; pretty and unusual	Rich, moist, well-drained	X	X
Scabiosa caucasica	Pincushion flower	Full Sun	Late Spring-Mid Summer	Lavender-blue	1	1 ft-1.5 ft	Synonym: Lomelosia caucasica Flowers bloom singly on strong, stiff stems. Grayish-green foliage features lance-shaped, entire or pinnately-lobed basal leaves and narrow pinnately-lobed stem leaves.	Light, well-drained with a neutral pH	X
Schizachyrium scoparium	Little bluestem	Full Sun	Late summer-winter	Purplish bronze	2ft-4ft	1.5ft-2ft	Ornamental grass. Forms clumps. Flowers appear in 3" long racemes above foliage in August. Low maintenance	Average, dry to medium, well-drained			X
Scilla siberica	Siberian squill	Full Sun-Part-Shade	Mid Spring	Blue	3 in-6 in	3 in-6 in	Bulbs naturalize rapidly.	Medium, well-drained soil		X		X
Sedum 'Autumn Joy' (See Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude')	Sedum or stonecrop
Sedum kamtschaticum	Orange stonecrop	Full Sun	Summer	Yellow	.25ft-.5ft	.25ft-.5ft	Current Name: Phedimus kamtschaticus	Average, dry-medium, well-drained	X
Sedum rupestre 'Angelina'	stonecrop	Full Sun	Late Summer	yellow	.5ft	1ft	Mat-forming groundcover; evergreen; tolerates drought and heat; thrives in sandy and gravelly soil	Average, dry to medium, well drained
Sempervivum tectorum	Hen and Chicks	Full Sun	Early-Mid Summer	Reddish purple	.5ft-1ft	.5ft-1.5ft	Evergreen	Average, dry-medium, well-drained
Silphium perfoliatum	Cup Plant	Full Sun	mid summer-early fall	Yellow	4 ft-8 ft	1 ft-3 ft	Use in rain gardens.	Average, medium-wet, well-drained	X		X
Sisyrinchium angustifolium	Blue-eyed grass	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Deep blue	1.5 ft-2 ft	0.5 ft-1 ft	Easy to grow; semi-evergreen; freely self seeds unless sheared after bloom	Well-drained soil			X
Solidago altissima	Tall Goldenrod	Full Sun-Part Shade	arly fall	Yellow	2-4 ft	2 ft	Arching flower stalks	Medium, tolerates most soils; well-drained	X		X
Solidago canadensis	Canada Goldenrod	full sun	late summer-mid fall	yellow	4 ft-5 ft	4-5 ft	Rhizomatous, somewhat weedy plant; self-seeds	Average,medium,slightly acidic, well- drained	X		X
Solidago rigida	Stiff Goldenrod	full sun	late summer-early fall	yellow	3-4 ft	3 ft	Self-seeding; attractive stem and leaves; loved by Monarchs	Average, medium,well-drained	X		X
Solidago rugosa	Rough Goldenrod	full sun	late summer-mid fall	yellow	3 ft-5 ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Tolerates wet/clay soil	Average, medium, well- drained	X		X
Solidago rugosa ‘Fireworks'	Rough Goldenrod	Full Sun	Early-Mid Fall	Yellow	2.5 ft-3 ft	2.5 ft-3 ft	Wonderful arching habit makes it look like bursting fireworks; tolerates wet soil, clay soil	Average, medium-wet, well-drained	X		X
Solidago sphacelata 'Golden Fleece'	Dwarf goldenrod, Golden fleece	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Yellow	1 ft-1.5 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Clump-forming perennial; tolerant of dry soil	Fertile, dry-medium, well-drained	X
Sorbaria sorbifolia	false spirea	full sun-part shade	summer	white	5ft-8ft	5ft-8ft	Deciduous shrub; can spread vigorously by root suckers; prune in late winter/early spring	Average, moist, well-drained		X
Spiraea japonica 'Anthony Waterer'	Japanese spiraea	full sun	early to late summer	carmine red	2ft-3ft	3ft-4ft	Deciduous shrub; compact cultivar; reddish foliage in fall;	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Spiraea x bumalda 'Goldflame'	Goldflame Spirea	full sun	May-June	pink/purple	3 ft	3 ft	Cut back in early spring to contain size and reshape; deadhead after first bloom for a second bloom	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Spirea sp.	Spirea	full sun	summer	pink	3 ft	3 ft	Golden fall color	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Stachys byzantina	Lambs' ears	Full Sun	Late Spring-Mid Summer	Purplish-pink	0.75 ft-1.5 ft	1 ft-1.5 ft	Ground cover; velvety silver gray leaves; avoid overwatering; spreads vigorously by creeping stems; good for texture and color in borders and rock gardens	Average, dry-medium, well-drained	X	X
Stachys byzantina'Helene Von Stein'	Lamb's Ear	Full Sun	rarely flowers	purple, if flowers	.5ft-1ft	1-2 ft	Silvery white foliage with wooly leaves	Average, dry-medium, well-drained		X
Stephanandra incisa	Cut-leaf stephanandra	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer	Greenish white	6 ft	10 ft	Suckering, deciduous shrub	Fertile, moist, well-drained
Sternbergia lutea	Yellow autumn crocus; autumn daffodil	Full Sun-Part Shade	early fall	yellow	.5ft	.5ft	Foliage appears in fall, persists through winter; disappears in summer	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Stokesia laevis	Stokes' aster	Full Sun	Mid-Summer-Early Fall	Blue	2ft	1.5ft	Deadhead spent flowers and flowering stems to encourage additional bloom	Light, fertile, moist, well-drained, acidic	X
Stylophorum diphyllum	Celandine poppy	Part-Full Shade	Spring	yellow	1ft-1.5ft	.75ft-1ft	Will self-seed in optimal conditions; tolerates heavy shade and wet soil	Humus-rich, medium-wet, don't allow to dry	X		X
Symphyotrichum cordifolium	Blue wood aster, Broad-leaved aster, Heartleaf aster	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	Pale blue to rich blue with yellow centers	2 ft-5 ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Prev. Aster Dumosus; Herbaceous perennial; lower leaves are heart-shaped, upper leaves smaller and more ovate; often abundantly self-seeds if not deadheaded	Average, medium, humus-rich,well-drained	X		X
Symphyotrichum cordifolium 'Wood's Pink'	Pink Wood Aster	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Pink rays with yellow centers	1ft-1.5ft	1ft-1.5ft	Prev. Aster Dumosus; Compact, clump forming; glossy dark leaves	Average, medium, humus-rich,well-drained	X		X
Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird'	Smooth Aster	Full Sun	Summer	violet blue	3ft-4ft	2ft-3ft	Cut in half in early June	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae	New England aster	Full Sun	Late Summer-Early Fall	Purple	3 ft-6 ft	2 ft-3 ft	Can grow tall and require staking; pinching back before mid-July can help control height; good air circulation helps reduce the incidence of foliar diseases; attracts butterflies.	Average, medium, humus-rich, well-drained	X		X
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii	New York Aster	Full Sun	Late Summer - Early Fall	violet blue	3ft-4ft	2ft-3ft	Low maintenance, good in rain gardens, showy flower; tolerates clay soil	Average, medium to wet, well drained	X		X
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'Raydon's Favorite'	Raydon's Favorite aromatic aster	full sun	Fall	blue lavender	2.5 ft	3 ft	Provides late season nectar and pollen; spreads with rhyzomes	Average, dry to medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Symphytrichum oblongifolium	Aromatic aster	Full Sun	Early Fall-Mid Fall	Blue, purple	1 ft-3 ft	1 ft-3 ft	Synonym: Aster oblongifolius; Bushy, stiff, compact herbaceous perennial; small, daisy-like flowers; mass planting makes good ground cover	Average, dry-medium, well-drained	X		X
Symphytum officinale	Common comfrey	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Summer	Purple-violet	5 ft	6 ft	May be aggressive	Average, medium, well-drained
Symphytum x uplandicum	Russian comfrey	full sun-part shade	late spring-summer	pink, then white-purple	1-3 ft	6 ft	good ground cover; could be vigorous	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Syringa vulgaris	Common lilac	Full Sun	Spring	pink	8ft-10ft	6ft-8ft	Deciduous; fragrant; needs good air circulation; prune after flowering;	Moist, well-drained	X	X
Tanacetum balsamita	Costmary; Balsam Weed	Full Sun-Part Shade	Sept - Oct	yellow small clusters	3 ft or more	3.5 ft	Large and weedy aromatic herb. Leaves used as a tea or added in salads. Also has historical medicinal uses as a diuretic or laxative. Other names: Alecost, Bible Leaf, Mint Geranium, Sweet Mary	Average, medium, well-drained	X
Tanacetum coccineum	Painted Daisy	Full sun-partial shade	early summer	pink	2ft	1ft-1.5ft	Cut back stems to encourage additional bloom	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Tanacetum parthenium	Feverfew	Full Sun	Summer-Early Fall	White with yellow center	1 ft-3 ft	1ft-2 ft	Short-lived plant, but seeds freely; deadhead to control seeding; can be aggressive	Average, medium, well-drained
Tanacetum vulgare	Common tansy	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid-Late Summer	Yellow	1 ft-3 ft	0.75 ft-1.5 ft	Vigorous, erect, deciduous	Well-drained, sandy soil; will tolerate any soil that is not wet and heavy		X		X
Teucrium chamaedrys	Wall germander	full sun	summer	pink-lavender	1 ft	1ft-2ft	Shrub; aromatic foliage	Average, dry-medium well-drained		X
Thalictrum rochebrunianum	Meadow rue, Lavender mist meadow rue	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Early Fall	Lavender-purple	4 ft-6 ft	2 ft-3 ft	When massed, the overall effect of the bloom can be spectacular.	Average, medium, well-drained		X
Thermopsis villosa	Carolina Lupine	Full Sun	Summer	yellow	3ft-5ft	2ft-3ft	Great cut flower	Average, drough tolerant	X	X	X
Thymus thracicus	Lavender-scented Thyme	Full Sun-Part Shade	Mid Summer-Mid Fall	Lavender	.5ft-1ft	1.5ft	A ground cover (it will tolerate light foot traffic and release a wonderful herby fragrance when stepped on)	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Thymus vulgaris	Common thyme	Full Sun	Summer	Purple to white	.5ft-1ft	1ft	Cut back hard in early spring; attracts butterflies	Average, medium, well- drained	X	X
Tiarella	Foam flower	part to full shade	late spring	white/pink	.75ft-1ft	1ft-2ft	Clump forming; spreads by stolons.	Average, medium, well-drained
Tradescantia virginiana	Spiderwort	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Spring-Summer	Blue-violet	1.5ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Clump forming herbaceous native; Naturalizes well; tolerates clay soil, wet soil, black walnut	Average, medium-moist, well-drained			X
Tradescantia x andersoniana	Spiderwort	Full Sun-Part Shade	Early Summer-Early Fall	Blue	1.5ft-2ft	1.5ft-2ft	Herbaceous perennial; Clump forming; herbaceous; naturalizes well; tolerates most soil and black walnut	Average, medium-moist, well-drained
Tricyrtis formosana	Toad Lily	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	White to lilac with purple and green markings	2 ft-3ft	1.5 ft-2 ft	Herbaceous perennial; forms spreading clump and spreads by rhizomes; best in areas where they can be observed closely because of their beauty	Average, medium-wet, well-drained, acidic
Tricyrtis hirta	Toad Lily; Japanese toad lily	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	White to Lilac with Heavy Purple Markings	2ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Herbaceous perennial; Non-rhizomatous; may self seed in optimum conditions; unique flowers	Average, medium-wet, well-drained, acidic
Tricyrtis hirta 'Miyasaki'	Toad Lily	Part Shade-Full Shade	Late Summer-Early Fall	White to Lilac with Heavy Purple Markings	2ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Herbaceous perennial; Non-rhizomatous; may self seed in optimum conditions; unique flowers	Average, medium-wet, well-drained, acidic
Tricyrtis x 'Sinonome'	Toad Lily	Part Shade-Full Shade	Sept - Oct	white with burgundy-purple blotches	2ft-3ft	1ft-2ft	Herbaceous perennial; stoloniferous; will colonize in garden over time; unique flowers	Average, medium-wet, well-drained, acidic
Vaccinium angustifolium	Lowbush blueberry	full sun-part shade	spring	white	3ft-4ft	3ft-4ft	Edible fruit loved by birds; good fall color; shallow roots should not be allowed to dry out; best fruit production with cross-pollination	Acidic, peaty, medium-wet, well-drained	X	X	X
Vaccinium corymbosum 'Early Blue'	High Bush Blueberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	white	4ft-5ft	4ft	Cross pollination produces best fruit; best to plant more than one variety; prune in late winter	Average, moist, acidic, well-drained	X
Vaccinium corymbosum 'Jersey'	High Bush Blueberry	Full Sun-Part Shade	Summer	white	4ft-5ft	4ft	Light blue fruit; cross pollination produces best fruit; best to plant more than one variety; prune in late winter	Average, moist, acidic, well-drained	X
Valeriana officinalis	Valerian; Garden Heliotrope; All-Heal	Full Sun	Early Summer	White tinged with Pink	4ft-6 ft	1.5ft-2.5ft	Fragrant flowers; Deadhead to avoid reseeding	Average, medium-wet, well-drained
Verbena bonariensis	Tall Verbena	Full Sun	Summer to Fall	purple/lavender	2ft-4ft	2ft-3ft	Good cut flower; tolerates poor soil	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X
Verbena hastata	Blue vervain	Full sun-partial shade	summer	dark violet	2ft-4ft	1ft-2.5ft	Clump forming, long blooming season	Average, medium-wet, well-drained	X		X
Vernonia lettermanii	Iron Butterfly	Full Sun	Summer	violet purple	2ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Blooms in late summer	Average, medium, drought tolerant	X	X	X
Vernonia noveboracensis	New York Ironweed	Full Sun	Late Summer	Purple	4 ft-6 ft	3 ft-4 ft	Butterflies, tolerates damp soil	Average, medium-wet	X		X
Veronica peduncularis ‘Georgia Blue’	Creeping speedwell; Georgia blue veronica	Full Sun	Spring	Blue	.5ft-.75ft	.5ft-1ft	Drought and heat resistant; excellent rock garden plant; easy maintenance; great with early small bulbs; 2005 Gold Medal Winner	Average, medium, well-drained
Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver's Root	full sun	summer	white/pale blue	4ft-7ft	2ft-4ft	Good in rain garden	Average, medium-wet, well-drained	X		X
Viburnum dentatum	Arrowwood viburnum	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	White	6ft-10ft	6ft-10ft	Prune as needed immediately after flowering.	Average, medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Viburnum opulus v. americanum	American cranberrybush; Highbush cranberry	full sun-part shade	late spring	white lacecap	8ft-12ft	8ft-12ft	Prev. name: Viburnum trilobum; Good for woodland margins; native to swampy woods; prune after flowering	Average, medium-moist, well-drained	X		X
Vinca major	Greater periwinkle	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Blue	.5ft-1.5ft	1ft-2ft	Mat forming ground cover; evergreen ; long trailing stems	Average, dry-medium, well-drained
Vinca minor	Creeping myrtle; Common periwinkle	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Blue	.25ft-.5ft	.5ft-1.5ft	Mat-forming, evergreen shrub; long trailing shoots; winter interest	Average, dry-medium, well-drained
Vinca minor, variegated	Creeping myrtle; Common periwinkle				.25ft-.5ft	.5ft-1.5ft	Variegated. Mat-forming, evergreen shrub; long trailing shoots; winter interest	Average, dry-medium, well-drained
Yucca filamentosa	Spoonleaf yucca; Golden sword yucca	Full Sun	Early Summer	Creamy White	4ft-8ft	2ft-3ft	Drought tolerant; flowering stalks rise from center of rosette	Light, dry-medium, well-drained	X	X	X
Zizia aurea	Golden alexander	Full Sun-Part Shade	Late Spring-Early Summer	Yellow	1.5ft-3ft	1.5ft-2ft	Black swallowtail butterfly host plant	Average, medium, well-drained	X		X